Original Writing – A Short tale

A few miles south of your usual city packed with loud, noisy, busy people lay a small village of friendly folk. It was Spring in the land and in that one rural village the orchards blossomed, birds sung and the sun did not want to stray from this peaceful green valley. Only one particular person could hear the sound of trickling water at that precise moment, a Master Will Briscoe. He lay peacefully against one of the white blossom trees. His tatty breeches and white shirt flickered around in the wind. His toe poking out of a hole in his sock felt light blossom brush against it tenderly touching the surface. He was drifting off into a deep sleep until â€Å"Ahoy there!† called a certain Tom Davis. He stood around 5 foot 5 inches tall with brown, curly hair tied up in a ponytail that was blowing in the breeze. His shirt was a perfect white and had a pendant poking out the top which looked to be a sharp tooth of some kind. His friend who had arrived with him was of the larger sort of size, so as to speak. He had what looked to have once been food down the front of his shirt. He had chubby cheeks, and wild black hair. His eyes were a friendly kind of brown and he wore odd socks having not been fully awake when dressing that morning. â€Å"Tom, Brown,† Will replied while nodding at each of them in turn. Brown as he was called was the second, larger and grubbier of the two boys, his actual name was Tim, Tim Brown. But his friends felt the name Tim just didn't suit him and with not much brains between the lads Brown seemed like an easy and suitable name. So Brown it was and they had stuck to that name since their first meetings of each other. â€Å"Will, you got a moment?† Tom asked. â€Å"They're wanting hands to help prepare for the festival tonight,† he finished. â€Å"Sure,† Will replied, â€Å"I was only down here to get away from the house.† Brown who was watching the bees fly from flower to flower turned towards Will and asked with a soft tone, â€Å"Trouble at home again?† â€Å"Nah just the landlord being a jerk that's all.† â€Å"Nothing new then, † Tom added. They chuckled on while walking back towards town, the trip from town to the orchards was short, which may have been why Will spent so much time there. Or maybe he just preferred the peace compared to the hustle and bustle of town. As the boys approached the town they could see the outline of another friend of theirs Ray Staines, Ray wasn't small but he wasn't really very tall either. He had short blonde hair and to be honest just usually tagged along with the group. â€Å"Hi Will! Hi Tom! Hi Brown!† Ray shouted enthusiastically. â€Å"Going to help with the festival?† â€Å"Yes,† Will replied while casting quizzical looks at the others. â€Å"We can all go together right?† asked Ray. â€Å"Sure,† Will answered. By the time they had arrived there was only a few hours till the festival begun. They moved over towards the man who seemed to be directing everyone about. â€Å"Hello there,† the man boomed. He was large, balding and his only other distinguishable feature was his button nose. His name was Riordan, Captain Riordan when addressed. â€Å"Sorry lads we've just finished setting up for the evening, so you can't get any discounts for helping to set up, so go home freshen up and spend lots of money tonight,† he said while chuckling to himself. Will, Tom, Brown, and Ray split up. â€Å"See you later guys!† Will called while walking home to prepare for the night's festival.

Comparison Matrix Essay

Within the comparison matrix, the author will provide information from three empirical articles. The articles were titled, Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter? (Pandey and Wright, 2009), The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel (Barker and Emory, 2007), and Empirical Research on Ethnic Minority Students: 1995–2009 (Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. , Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P. L. , 2011). The first article provides information on the public sector, and the transformational style of administration. It shows that there is no true influence on the behavior of management (Pandey and Wright, 2009). Within the second article was not only discussion on the transformational style of leadership, but transactional leadership as well. This article offered a comparison of the two styles and the impact on performance and satisfaction while on the job (Barker and Emory, 2007). Lastly, the third article focused on actual empirical research and the effect it has on minorities. It covered a fifteen-year span (Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P. L. , 2011). This essay is meant to review the specific areas that were exhibited in the matrix in order to gain a better understanding of how to compile and complete a substantive comparison with realistic and verifiable information. While reading the essay the following comparisons will be covered, research questions posed, sample populations, and the limitations of the research. Comparison of research questions All of the articles present supported questions. In the first article, the author raised the question of the public and transformational leadership. It mentioned that a transformational leadership that is structured at a high level may have the ability to alter the way an employee performs. The makeup of an organization operating under Transactional leadership can influence the amount of rewards given to individuals. Additionally, the weakness of communication can influence behavior as it pertains to transformational leadership (Pandey and Wright, 2009). Meanwhile, the research conducted in the second article asked for the association when dealing with the attitude, satisfaction, and commitment of employees. It asks for the affiliation between two surrogates of employee attitude types. In addition to this, it speaks on the dimensions of transformational and transactional leadership and how they assist with defining and examining the actual impact on the attitude of the employee. Lastly, the affiliation between positive employee attitudes and transformational and transactional leadership. Respectable directors inspire and motivate employee groups to unearth an innovative way of doing something (Barker and Emory, 2007). The last article is not about leadership styles, but the effect of research and minorities. The article identified and counted the number of published empirical articles in each of the issues reviewed. Additionally, it identified articles by using four categories to narrow the data identified, and lastly the methodological characteristics of the articles (Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. , Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P. L. , 2011). Comparison of the Sample Populations Each of the populations varied in size and format. Article one used 1,322 high-level public administrators in municipalities exceeding 50,000 residents (Pandey and Wright, 2009). Whereas article two, used 77 branch managers from three regional banking organizations and 47 store managers from one national food chain(Barker and Emory, 2007). Lastly, article 3 used four specific journals which circulate principal research pertaining to special education and those with a learning disabilities, and used a specific time frame from 1995-2009 (Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. , Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P. L. , 2011). This clearly shows that one can use multiple means and respondents in order to compile information as long as it can be proven at the conclusion of the research. Comparison of the Limitations When looking at any form of research the limitations must be taken into account. As it pertains to article one, a limitation may be that the typical age of those who responded was fifty years old. In addition, the fact that they were generally Caucasian, which may cause bias, was another. Ironically, a lot of areas in which the study was conducted, only had three individuals respond, this may not be symbolic of the thoughts of other direct statements. Moreover, a condensed number of inquiries were used to assist with minimizing the size of the actual survey; this may have caused false identification of leaders who were transformational (Pandey and Wright, 2009). In article two, one limitation may be gender bias. There were less females then males in the study. In addition, males may act differently towards female managers and females may act differently towards male managers (Barker and Emory, 2007). Finally, the third articles limitations are the fact that there are multiple students who are assisting with the study, and that each student must participate without individual bias (Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. , Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P. L. , 2011). Conclusion Contained in the comparison matrix were characteristics of three investigations conducted by various researchers. Pandey and Wright suggest that public organizations are not as bureaucratic as stereotypically believed and that the performance measures in place support higher levels of transformational leadership in these organizations than might be expected based on their hierarchical structures. The argument is plausible established on the necessity for groups to be flexible in order to be motivated (Pandey and Wright, 2009). Barker and Emory, 2007, suggested that a key influence in customer service and the retaining staff members is the actual attitude of those who are employed. The way in which the staff portrays the leadership will determine their commitment and positive outlook. The author builds a conceivable argument based on the association of commitment on as it pertains to the organization, and satisfaction of both customers and employees (Barker and Emory, 2007). Lastly, Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. , Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P.  L. classified how frequently research conveys and disaggregates statistics in a manner that would back conclusions about certain ethnic minority groupings. The authors suggest that education should be recognized as being twofold. They feel that instructors must afford students with basic understanding and skill sets which are necessary to in order to benefit from accelerated opportunities in education. Furthermore, the authors suggest that instructors must prepare students to meet life’s challenges and have the ability to actively contribute to our society. The authors build a conceivable argument based on the need for educators to ensure that every student has the chance to succeed in school, despite locality, gender, race, socioeconomic status, or disability(Vasquez III, E. , Lopez, A. , Straub, C. , Powell, S. , McKinney, T. , Walker, Z. , and Bedesem, P. L. , 2011). Based on all of the research shown there is a true need for confidence, inspiration, and presentation of a true understanding of the data being collected and delivered. The data that is revealed may determine the actual thoughts of the reader. All research should be valid and unbiased.

Construction and Deconstruction - Function Research Paper

Construction and Deconstruction - Function - Research Paper Example In doing so, the artist seeks to produce with the onlooker a dialogue one that fills us with appreciation or apprehension about the world, others and ourselves. The Uses of Deconstruction Deconstruction has often been used or shock or stun the onlooker in the tradition of surrealism. Deconstructive art believes that we should not rely on any previous assumptions (Mundy, 2001). In general parlance, we can equate this to describing the meaning of a word by using another group of words. So we will find that there is a hierarchical or strong-weak or teacher-student relationship between the words generally used in a language. This is frowned upon by the followers of deconstructive art. Such artists believe as much in the importance of leaving things out as in conveying no specific meaning. Though deconstruction has been criticised as a nihilistic and frivolously sceptical pursuit, yet some scholars have welcomed it as a useful reminder in, perhaps, politics where what is said is sometimes less important than what is purposefully left out. Deconstructive art can inversely remind us of the importance of structuralism in our lives and how it aids us in constructing logic and giving meaning to language, thought etc. Alternatively, it can also form a basis for equating things that we normally never do, being of interest to inventors etc. I will now proceed to comment on the works of a number of different practitioners of deconstructive art, trying to fathom what message they are trying to convey through their works. The Works of Mona Hatoum Mona Hatoum (born 1952) is a Lebanese artist but has resided in the UK ever since the days of the war in 1975. She has never regarded herself as a Lebanese and her love of art was never encouraged by her family especially her father, since he wanted her to do something more practical in life. While in exile in London, she had a chance to study at the Slade School of Art and the Shaw School of Art. Mona was especially interested in Min imalism and the psychological manifestation of art. In her own words: â€Å"I don’t think art is the best place to be didactic- I don’t think the language of visual art is the most suitable for presenting clear arguments, let alone for trying to convince, convert or teach† (Archer et al, 1997). Mona surprises by using seemingly innocuous materials to convey messages of fear, danger and isolation. One of her first works, ‘Measures of Distance’ (1988) is a video tape she recorded that shows the distances between Arab and Western society, between male and female gender, between war and peace, freedom and exile. It is a monologue by her mother and a reply to all her questions. It speaks of fragmentation, of not knowing one’s place in society, of the dangers in living in Lebanon during the war. It appeals to the senses and the heart in a particularly personal way if you hear the work using headphones (as I did). In ‘Silence’ (1994) Mo na uses glass tubing to construct a child’s bed, reflecting the vulnerability of the child being hurt by glass in a place it equates with comfort, thus, there is a paradox here as well. In ‘Mexican Cage’ (2002) Mona again depicts the plight of Mexican workers. They are enslaved by low wages and even bonded labour. The red, blue, orange and white colours of the cage look so inviting but we must remember that it is a

Astronomy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Astronomy - Research Paper Example The moon allows and sustains life on Earth, affects its tides daily and though not a mystery to the same degree as it had been throughout all of history, it continues to inspire the imagination and much remains to be learned of Earth’s closest celestial neighbor. Today, people more or less look upon the moon as ‘eye candy’ and pay little attention to its cycles. This was not the case for our ancestors who carefully monitored its movements. Several calendars of ancient civilizations were based on the cycles of the moon and some are currently such as the Islamic calendar. The date of the Chinese New Year is set by the cycle of the moon. The Sun was used by man until relatively recently to measure short intervals of time but the moon was judged more reliable for longer time measurements. What is commonly known as a month is based on the 29-day cycle of the moon. The term ‘month’ is derived from the term ‘moonth.’ â€Å"Without the moon†™s cycle we might have ended up with a very different way of keeping track of time, and we most probably would have called it something other than a month† (Miles & Peters, 2001). The Christian celebration of Easter is calculated by determining the first Sunday following the first occurrence of a ‘full’ moon subsequent to the beginning of the Spring Equinox. The reason for this is that Christians had traditionally used the light of the ‘full’ moon to aid in their pilgrimage to their holy lands for Easter. Though the moon is the closest object to Earth and has been explored by man, questions remain regarding its exact origins and whether or not life ever existed on or within it or if it could sustain life. It was discovered more than a century ago that the moon’s density is less then Earth’s. Galileo noticed craters on the moon’s surface through the use of the telescope in the 1600’s. Currently, more is known about the moo n than any other celestial body, knowledge that was inconceivable until recent times (Hamilton, 2005). Prior to the common use of telescopes, when the moon was viewed unaided, all that could be discerned were two distinct kinds of topography, dark and bright areas configured in a way that produced the illusion of the ‘Man in the Moon.’ This myth was likely known as just that to most persons of the world but before recent times it was not known that the dark areas were produced by the violent impacts of asteroids hitting the moon many hundreds of million years ago. These primordial impacts on the lunar surface played a large part in reshaping the moon’s appearance and could explain why there are two large protrusions on the surface of the moon. â€Å"New analysis reveals that shock waves from some of the moon’s early asteroid impacts traveled through the lunar interior, triggering volcanic eruptions on the moon’s opposite side. Molten magma spewed o ut from the deep interior and flooded the lunar landscape† (Than, 2006). The cooled magma created the familiar dark areas which are termed ‘lunar seas.’ These dark areas unite to form the ‘face’ of the moon. The Man in the Moon’s eyes have been labeled â€Å"’Mare Imbrium’ and ‘Mare Serenitatis’. The nose, ‘Sinus Aestuum’ and the mouth, which appears to be smiling, is a combination of the ‘Mare Cognitum’ and ‘Mare Nubium’† (Heiken et al, 1991). The Earth’s sky appears to be blue because its atmosphere diffracts light in such a way that produces this

Role Of Satirical TV Shows In People's Enhancing Political Awareness Essay - 7

Role Of Satirical TV Shows In People's Enhancing Political Awareness - Essay Example Satirical television shows help the audience to be more conscious of the news and politics by using comedies to expose the misconduct of politicians. Satirical TV shows provide are designed and comedies but has a rich content that exposes the truth of the political arena. First, the TV shows provide disclosure of hidden political agendas that the public are least aware of. The designers of Satirical TV shows use an exciting approach to tell the public of the mischief of politicians. These programs provide a detailed exposure of the information that covers the effects of the politics on the society and the specific country or even particular groups in the society. They cover a wide range of misbehavior patterns among the politicians and present them in a comical manner. Providing this information to the public allows people to learn about the behavior of their political leaders and this attracts their attention to be wary and more conscious of political behavior. In addition, the satirical TV shows make a direct attack on the political leaders, hence sensitizing them on the need to change certain negative behaviors. Most of the satirical TV shows expose specific political characters who have misbehaved and ridicule them. Actually, these shows mock negative political actions and sensitize the victims to change their behavior. As politicians are sensitive of their public image and the way these shows portray them to the society, they fear mockery and would rather come off clean. When these programs expose them to the public, they push them to change in an effort to reconstruct their political behavior. On this note, satirical TV shows provide the public with the real political images of their leaders and give the public the opportunity to push their leaders to change. In brief, satirical TV programs attract the people to contribute to changing the political arena.

Global & International Business Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Global & International Business Contexts - Essay Example This is mainly because of drinking habits in non-traditional regions, growing culture of cafes and increasing share of instant coffee (Surana 2009). Discussing in detail the coffee market of India, the change in trend towards coffee is mainly due to two reasons, firstly, the entrance of multinational firms which bought the concept of instant coffee that is rising day by day. Secondly, the espresso culture which is encouraging coffee parlours to open up for consumers to choose variety of coffee from there, at the same time providing opportunity to meet people and relax (Sreenivasan 1999). These parlours are targeting the people between the age group of 15-29. This identify that the main target market for these coffee houses is youth which is the major population of India therefore the market is huge and the leader can gain a lot out of it. According to the research, 72% of customer or target market is students or young professional who have enough disposable income to spend on. Another target area for these coffee houses is the young people working in call centers due to which a lot of these cafes are located near call centers and big companies offices (Choudhury 2007). The coffee provided in a unique environment contributes 7% to the total consumption industry and is expected to grow at half percent (Shenoy 2005). Retail cafà ©s are now multi-crore industry and has a huge potential of growth locally and internationally (The Indian Institute Of Planning And Management 2006). Currently, there are few key players in the industry: Barista, Cafà © Coffee Day, Costa Coffee, Coffee World, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf (CBTL) and Qwicky. Among them the top two are Barista and Cafà © coffee day who have captured the major share in the market. The country is moving towards a stable and conducive political environment as a reduction is seen in internal turmoil due to political influences and moreover, the political parties have shown positive response towards

Discussion Questions and Participation Questions Essay

Discussion Questions and Participation Questions - Essay Example Opportunities to expand your services 7. Better flexibility 8. Increased risk assessment 9. Improve quality 10. Increases in quantity (Brighthub, 2011). In the past I have used project management as a guide to help me complete projects. I have used project management to develop schedules, in order to optimize time, and to become more efficient at tasks. Project management skills can be improved by participation in continued education seminars on the subject, by reading peer review journal articles, and through practice among other methods. Brighthub.com (2011). The Top Ten Benefits of Project Management. Retrieved February 3, 2011 from http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/2350.aspx Chase, R. B., Jacobs, F.R., & Aquilano, N.J. (2006) Operations management for competitive advantage (11th ed). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. 2. Safety stock is additional inventory that is held in order to mitigate the risk of a stockout. The safety stock is a considered a buffer mana gement uses to create a comfort level in which to operate. The safety stock should only be used after regular inventory runs out and if the company is unable to replenish its inventory. The safety stock should be used as a last resort in order to keep the operations going. A few years ago I worked a part-time in a warehouse for a company that manufactured paper. There were different rolls of paper that would be used as raw material for the different paper products sold by the company. The buffer or safety stock was managed by the warehouse crew. We would deliver the safety stock to the manufacturing line whenever the company ran out of its regular inventory of paper. 3. Out of the factors you mentioned about project management which I believe people can work on in order to improve their utilization of the factor is time. Time is a crucial element in project management. Projects involve the use of different deadlines for the delivery of project deliverables. In a project when one per son is late with their part of the project it creates a chain reaction which affects the work of the other members. The project manager has to provide follow up on the work of team members in order to ensure everyone is on the same page. 4. One of the first project management teams I was involved in occurred a few years back. I was a freshman in college back them and I had been assigned to my first team project as a college student. It was an intimidating experience for me because I did not know what to expect. I was very lucky to have worked with a great team of players. One of the guys was a senior business student; he served the role of project leader. He was a very outgoing person that knew how to lead others. I learn from this first experience that interpersonal relationships are a critical success factor for project management teams. 5. Engineers are very talented professionals that can add a lot of value to a project. Due to their ability to apply innovation engineers are oft en involved in project management. It would be a wise career move for an engineer to purse an MBA degree. The knowledge gained through a master’s degree program in business can be extremely beneficial for an engineer among other professionals. Professionals with a background in business are better suited to handle the pressures associated with the work of a project manager. 6. Sometimes people utilized project management skills without even knowing they are using them. No project is too small for

Poster Series Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poster Series Design - Research Paper Example Posters are used as a form of communication medium due to their ability to pass massive information on a small sheet space (Poulin, 2012). The work of a poster designer is to transform written information into visual form. In other cases, designers might compelled to using typography only in order to demonstrate uniqueness as well as their skills in poster design art. Unity is the first step towards achieving a poster series. This aspect promotes order in composition thus reducing confusion when faced with a pile of work. In this section, a designer ought to assemble the headlines, photographs as well as the logos to be used in the poster series design. Unity is achieved through the employment of four major principles. This include; proximity, repetition, continuation and underlying colour. Proximity is based on the natural concept of arrangement that perpetuates, â€Å"things that belong to the same group go together in pattern formation.† Proximity helps the designer to group texts, objects or people in order to enhance clarity in the message (Poulin, 2012). When items from the same group for instance interlinked collection of watches are arranged in a close proximity, the viewers’ eyes can shift smoothly form one item to the next. As a result, the items create a visual unity thus communicating a similar message to the viewers. Th e arranging of items in a specific group is essential in poster series design as it draws the attention of viewers. Repetition is another method of creating unity in a poster series design. The viewers’ eyes are lured into following a repeated sequence of shapes, values and colours. In this case, the eyes are able to link the images irrespective of the group arrangement. A designer ought to create a series of repeated patterns in form of shapes at the poster’s background to create a tilling effect. Tilling effect creates a visual structure and interest thus tying together the elements in the foreground (Graphic Design

Communicating With Confidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communicating With Confidence - Essay Example A writer’s ability to quickly attract attention and create interest in the target audience gives them an edge towards communicating confidently. Generation of new ideas through creative and critical thinking leads to a better understanding of the topic and makes the writer to clearly understand the research problem. Communicating credible information obtained by the use of the proper research methodology creates confidence. Multiple measuring instruments such as interviews and questionnaires can be used to avoid biasness in the information. Writers should also be able to use relevant and intellectually stimulating examples with other supporting details to give evidence of deep thinking. In today’s world where there is an overload of information due to high technology, effective and clear communication is essential in order to create a good impression. For a person to communicate confidently, a combination of technical knowhow and appropriate formatting of information to fit the target audience is necessary. Effective communication skills are beneficial because they foster healthy relationships between individuals and organizations and enhance the chances of people building on a successful career. Therefore, a person with the ability to communicate confidently in a world where information is constantly changing and a great deal of time is spent on writing stands a better chance of being successful. According to Mati (2009), many business people lack the ability to communicate effectively in writing therefore businesses must be committed to rewarding the best writing practices. A number of factors have to be considered for a person to improve writing skills and communicate concisely. The initial step involves deciding on the audience or readers that the message is being conveyed to and the format of communication which defines whether the tone will be formal or otherwise. For example, a written letter

Org behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Org behavior - Assignment Example This concept has its pros and cons at the same time, while usually organizations would try to be the donor than receptor since it is based on considerable dependency on the other organization, on the other hand this concept allows using of resources and hence more options and possibilities of exploring possible new domains. This can possibly come in form of establishment of ventures and collations amongst different business partners and most organizations tend to increase their impact on the others and aim to contribute more than consume. 2-Explain the differences between centralization and decentralization and between standardization and mutual adjustment. What factors determine the ability to strike a balance between these mechanisms? There can be broadly two approaches towards steering the organization and its helm of affairs. While the centralized approach relies on the concentration of power and authority, usually to the top rank management. In such cases, the high ups in a given organization have control over the decisions, the dealings and negotiations conducted. In a decentralized approach, the balance of power is relatively even, and is not concentrated in one segment of the organization. Both the mutual adjustment and standardization fall under the umbrella of coordination, control and proper working within an organization and by the organization. The mutual adjustment entails to the working in group concept and sharing of load. The prime requirement of mutual adjustment is based on effective communication and acceptance and appreciation of efforts by the team members or other stake holders involved in a venture undertaken. Standardization on other hand is the setting of criterion based on the principles high productivity and effective and professional working environment. In such a case standardization can be focused on the work processes, the output desired and the other factors that

Advantages and Disadvantages of Television Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of Television Essay In today modern world television is the most popular and recognized from of media and most homes in the western and developed worlds own one. That small (in some cases rather large) box sitting in your lounge is your connection to the outside world. It is an indispensable item and many of us cannot imagine life without it. As with everything there are advantages and disadvantages with the television. The main advantage is televisions ability to bring you news as it happens. A second advantage is the fact we are using more than one sense when viewing. The final advantage in this essay is the vast amount of information and documentaries available for viewing. However the first disadvantage is the amount of time spent watching television is often considered a waste of time. The second disadvantage is the fact that families may be in the same room but with the television on may not even acknowledge each other. The final disadvantage illustrated in this essay is that young children are often being exposed to sex scenes and scenes of violence. Read more: Television advantages and disadvantages essay Firstly, for many of us the television is our first or only source of news and current events. Most channels have news updates up to four times a day and current affairs programmes which take a deeper look at the news that has affected the world that day or week. Theses programmes are often family friendly and are sometimes the only form of media available or easy to understand for children or non-speakers of English. These news shows keep people up to date on the outside world it is possible to know everything that happened in a day without even going outside. However these news shows can try and monopolize peoples opinions and be a bias to one political party or one side of a war. Secondly, what many of us do not realise is that we use at least two senses to enjoy television. We use our eyes to watch the television screen and the visual on the screen. We also use our ears or hearing to listen to the dialogue and noises on the screen. Compared to other forms of media which usually involve only one sense e.g. the radio only requires the hearing sense and a book only requires sight. Even though the television lets us see and hear things it can cause eyesight problems and many people turn there televisions up which can cause hearing problems. The final advantage is the vast amount of educational programming available for viewing particularly on channels like the discovery channel and national geographic which can educate and stimulate people and wet every audience members appetite. It is also the fastest way to improve your knowledge and help you learn something completely new. Where else can you learn about Marylyn Monroe and Winston Churchill in the same afternoon? Many people who cannot afford university or night courses or simply just want a basic knowledge of one particular subject or event. Use documentaries to quench their thirst for learning. The first disadvantage is that many people do not realise how much time they spend watching television if you spend one hour a day watching television. That is 365 hours a year and 3607 hours in ten years. You can only imagine what you could do with that time, it is possible to learn a language or do a university course. Many value their television shows over exercise or physical activity which can lead to obesity and couch potato. Many people also feel the desire to watch a favourite television show every day or every week and neglect social commitments and therefore becoming anti-social. A second disadvantage is that many people neglect their families so they can watch television. A family may be in the same room but would not say a word to each other or acknowledge each other. Many families now also eat dinner in front of the television which means normal dinner table conversation is lost. Most large families also have multiple televisions so that each member can watch the programme they would like to watch this means that some families may spend less than an hour in each others company before going to bed. A final disadvantage of watching television is the violence and sex scenes that young children are often exposed too. Many of us find shows with crime or violence entertaining but these are not suitable for children of young ages. These scenes are practically common on crime dramas. Children may not intentionally be being exposed but by simply being in or near the same room as an older child or adult watching the programme. With children being exposed to these scenes it can corrupt there innocent minds leading them in some extreme cases become violent to other children. It can also lead to more permanent problems such as violence or evil thoughts well into adulthood. Fortunately this can be easily avoided or reversed by not allowing young children to view these programmes by placing them in a different room from the television or sending them to bed. In conclusion television is perhaps the worlds greatest invention though it is possible it will one day be replaced by something resembling a computer it is still indispensable devise that takes up our time to exercise or our family time it can also have scenes that corrupt young minds. As Winston Churchill once said the best things are either immoral or bad for you television is best in moderation. So next time youre bored dont turn on the television go out and play some sport. in todays modern world. Television however has advantages and disadvantages as illustrated in this essay. It can be an educational, multi-sensory communication

Analysisng the Print Media Coverage of Birtish Football Players Essay Example for Free

Analysisng the Print Media Coverage of Birtish Football Players Essay Analysing the print media coverage of professional football players: British magazines and newspaper coverage of female players and officials in the women’s super league and females in football. Introduction The following research analyses coverage of women’s football and women involved in football in both nationally and locally distributed magazines and newspapers. The focus of the research looks at how the journalists refer and describe the women’s performance through interviews, writer’s columns and match reports, it is a long term study looking at data from October 1995 until the present day. With the recent introduction of a women’s super league and the existing premier league, most of the data revolves around these leagues, although there are also interviews with officials involved in overseeing the men’s game. The investigation found an extremely unequal balance in coverage between men and women’s sport, particularly football. When it was featured in a more general audience magazine such as Four Four Two or You magazine, there was often reference to the women’s appearance, partners and family life, as well as the man’s game. Alternatively in match reports featured in team specific publications such as programmes and fanzines there was much fewer references to the male game and a greater focus on skill and performance. Methodology Data collection The magazines and newspaper articles collected came from widely circulated publications including the Liverpool football club magazine, Four Four Two magazine and You magazine a supplement publication from the Mail on Sunday. The audience for these magazines are generic and not aimed particularly at one gender, although that is not to say both genders are equally likely to read it. The sport specific magazines are mainly focused on men’s football and representatively more men take an interest in football and are likely to buy the magazine. However it does feature articles about women’s sport. With the recent introduction of the women’s super league the focus of much of the in the more contemporary articles has been on this, however there are articles from 1995 until the present day. Sampling The data was chosen from a selection of publications that had been collected from 1995 until 2011, the articles that featured women’s football were found and the ones that had sufficient information about the team and the games they were involved in rather than just mentioned or the fixtures were used. The articles predominantly contained Liverpool ladies, although England, Everton and Chelsea teams were looked at along with an interview with a female official. The limitations of the sample are that most of the coverage comes from Liverpool’s match day programme and given the late start of the women’s season there has only been recent coverage of the current season. Also there are only relatively few articles in the publications and the collection was not exhaustive so some articles may have been missing from the archive, particularly away games and several months issues of Four Four Two. Data analysis After the data was collected it was read over and a content analysis was carried out, looking at lexis choices, tone and attitude of the writer towards the female athletes and officials. Points of interest and themes were highlighted in the articles, particularly the address of the female athletes, reference to the men’s game, and any sexual references. In articles containing interviews the questions put to the footballers were looked at for interviewer bias looking at any agenda the writer may have for presenting the woman’s game. The articles are in the appendices. Analysis Looking at the names of the teams involved in women’s premier league and super league is perhaps the most obvious form of subjugation within football. Names such as ‘Millwall Lionesses’, ‘Doncaster Rover Belles’ (LFC programme 11th April) and ‘Leeds City Vixens’ are part of the women’s football league even the national team are known as the ‘three Lionesses’ (You magazine 11th March) or the Australian national team ‘the Matildas’ (Four Four Two Oct 07). Other teams who just have the names of male football team names such as Everton are known ‘Everton ladies’, the name of the teams, although some may just be nicknames rather than official league names, put women in a lower position than men. Given that the game of football is not naturally gendered, it is not a male game, the idea that there is a need to differentiate they are female teams is quite surprising. In articles such as the Echo article from the 21st April, there is only an initial reference to gender in the headline ‘Dowie rescues a point for dominant ladies’ to prevent any confusion with the male team but throughout the rest of the interview, it is unbiased and simply refers to the players as members of the team, with references such as ‘the Toffees’ or simply just ‘Everton’. In other magazines such as LFC weekly from the 12th April when talking about the start of the new season in women’s football, the writer refers to the teams gender 60 times, 24 references to ‘ladies’ and ‘women’ 33 times. If the gender had been stated at the beginning of the article then there would be little reason to continue referencing the gender repeatedly throughout. The Everton programme from 11th December 2004 (LFC VS EFC) the women’s team is referred to as ‘the Girls in Blue’, the word girls is usually used to describe a young female which conjures up ideas of inexperience and immaturity. However in this instance it does not appear that is the writers intention to imply the women are any less than the best, after all Everton are one of the consistently best performing women’s team and it is in fact the only reference in the article about gender. It is more likely in this case, just a play on words adapting the slang reference to police as the boys in blue, McLoughlin (2000) looked at how magazines the writers expectations of women come through the text about what is accepted behaviour for women to do, football is still fairly off limits to women. Ultimately this will have some power over the reader who may feel pressure to conform to norms in the media. Throughout almost all of the articles the female players are referred to as ladies, although the competitions are the women’s super league and women’s premier league when the specific teams are mentioned they are called the ‘ladies’ for example ‘Liverpool ladies’ (LFC programme 10th Jan 98). This is an example of asymmetry not purely because of the use of diminutive ladies but also the need to differentiate from the male game. It would seem that it is normalising football as a male game as Liverpool men or any other team would not be referred to as Liverpool gentlemen, Janet Holmes also looked at the loaded meanings of the word ladies in her 2000 study. Gentlemen is the antonym of ladies which conjures up the images of gallantry and traditional ideas of gender, male ootball players would never be referred to as this as these are not the images that are desired for playing football, there will be evidence of respect and sportsmanship but it is a competition and a contact sport that has some level of controlled aggression and fierce competitiveness. Yet the women are referred to as ladies, this conjures up images of a reserved, gentle fairer sex, however they are just as capable of playing a hard tactile game. Therefore the programme from October 1995 ‘ladies fight back’, title is almost an oxymoron as ladies and fighting are not compatible images. While a feminist may take offence at the reference to women’s football as ladies, given the context it would seem that writers are not trying to demean women by using it and it would appear the women they are referring to are happy to be known as that, or surely by now the strong women in the game would have done something to have this changed. Later in the same programme the divide is further noted when the journalist writes ‘first-ever women’s derby match to be played at our famous stadium’, it is a common feature that youth teams play big games at Anfield even testimonials with male celebrities, yet it is made to be an honour at the thought of a women’s game occurring there, what is made worse is the description of the ground ‘our famous stadium’, this gives the impression it is solely for the men’s team, the fan’s, the writer, almost everyone except the women’s team, who should feel privileged to play at the ground. Messner and Duncan (1993) believe that sport media are wary of changing the coverage of women’s sport as it would challenge the male hegemony, this is also supported by Hardin, Lynn and Walsdorf (2005) and Curry, Arriagada and Cornwell (2002). With the recognition of women’s football by FIFA only happening in 1991 according to the October 2007 Four Four Two interview with the England team, the female game is still very much emerging. However women have been playing football and taking part in sport for centuries. By highlighting this is only ‘the second world cup England have qualified for’. He is raising the issue that the sport was only recently recognised yet taking away from the women’s achievements by bringing up the point that they hadn’t qualified many times before. As it is stated further in the magazine they have to balance ‘having full time jobs and preparing for the biggest tournament of your lives’, it is hardly surprising that they do not qualify as often as the men do as most of the players must remain amateur and the two games annot realistically be compared. The emergence of sports such as football has derived from local games that took part in villages as looked at in work by Reiley (2005) and Gerhadt (1993); mob games where two neighbouring villages would compete to get an object over the boundary into their village in order to win the game. These were very violent and thought of as no place for ladies to be, as the governing bodies developed from the public school systems like Rugby and Eton where the boys would take the village games and refine them, it was still very much a boys world as at that time girls schools would not have encouraged these type of games. It was once thought that if women took part in sport it would impact on their child baring abilities. Eventually women were introduced to non contact sports such as tennis but it took many more years before they began to play more aggressive sports. Many of the male teams that are in existence today such as Everton and Arsenal were developed from churches and factories for social reasons around the time of the industrial revolution, there is evidence of women’s teams developing slightly later during the times of war as the men went to fight and women were left behind to run industries, at the same time they started up their own teams, however it is only within the last 20 years that FIFA recognised the women in the sport. With the introduction of many modern women’s football leagues and competitions and the use of female officials in the male game, it would appear that women’s teams are receiving a much greater coverage in the media. In mainstream football magazines such as Four Four Two and LFC magazine women’s football has featured over the last 16 years, however it appears only now that it has become somewhat of a regular feature. While the men’s team, the reserve and youth teams have always had a weekly place in the Liverpool programme, with its own section women’s sport seemed confined to the occasional feature in the ‘community’ section. Stories from 1995 until more recently have covered the occasional trivial story such as the women’s team working with a school tournament shown in the October 1995 ‘girls shoot it out’ extract. Little emphasis was put on the team’s performance, rather the feeling that by covering this story Liverpool are showing what a caring club they are. Other features within the community section have been the clubs charity work internationally and with children with disabilities, by clumping the women’s team in with these stories it suggests that they are not on the same level as the men’s game and it is almost a privilege to be featured along with the ‘main team’, that the coverage of the women’s game is almost charitable. While some may argue that the programme is reporting on the events of the men’s first team and this may be why the women do not feature frequently, then surely the features of the reserves and youth team games should be only covered occasionally. Slowly this does appear to be changing, although the women’s leagues only start the season after the male counterparts, in the hope that the male game does not over shadow the women’s game, women’s football has featured in the recent Liverpool programme every home game recently and it has also moved from being covered in the community section to the ‘news’ (see Liverpool vs. Manchester city April 2011). However when it does feature in the publications however it is rarely a full page, often less than a quarter of a page as in the Liverpool programme (October 2008 LFC vs. Portsmouth) within a 82 page magazine, although the LFC weekly featured a 4 page article in a 50 page magazine. It would appear female footballers are finally gaining more acceptance in the media. Sexualisation of females within men’s magazines such as nuts and zoo is a common feature, the main reader of football specific magazines are men, so it may be expected that women are also portrayed as sexual objects in them. However this does not appear to be the case for much of the features found in the media, although there are still some examples of it. The interview with the England team in Four Four Two from 2007 talks to the women about their chances in the world cup, the interview asks questions such as ‘the Australian women’s team ‘the matildas’ posed nude for a calendar. Would you ever consider doing likewise? , another example of this is the interview in you magazine when the writer refers to the team as ‘the group of leggy and enviably toned young women’, women may be viewed as sexual objects in some of the male dominated readership magazines as a way of gender commodifcation an idea supported by work by Whannel (2000), a way of conforming to male ideals that in buying the magazine about football and sexualised women they are becoming more manly, that it ok to view women as objects men are the dominant gender, magazines and the media have some part to pl ay in the socialisation of today’s youth according to Wilemsen (1998), he even believes magazines widen the gap and differences between the genders. It is good then that the female athletes and officials are being covered about their roles in the mass media, but there is still some way to go to completely remove the gender stereotypes and bias. Although saying that, there are many interviews featured in magazines with male sports stars that objectify images of them and pass judgement on their physique, for some this may seem a positive move that women have the same powers over men but it may be better to feature women in the female magazines that other women can look up to and aspire to be like. It would also appear that coverage in a magazine that is aimed more at women but a more generic audience, You a supplement with The Mail, recently did a feature of the England team also discussing their chances at the world cup. Throughout the interview with the individual players they were given a small character description such as ‘the captain’ or ‘the veteran’ which are acceptable as they describe their role and dedication to the sport, however others were described as the ‘young mum’ or ‘the Beyonce fan’, while this style of reporting may be to normalise the girls and create a bond between the player and the reader who may have similar attributes, it also implies that they are doing something out of the ordinary and taking away from the girls sporting achievements by feminising and trivialising them.

Description Of The Social Disorganization Theory Criminology Essay

Description Of The Social Disorganization Theory Criminology Essay Criminology and other social sciences, examine numerous facets when attempting to explain what factors cause individuals to deviate from social norms Social disorganization theory,. Sociologists have established social structure theories in their efforts to connect behavior patterns to social-economic control and other social ecological factors (Social disorganization theory,). The social disorganization theory expanded from social structure theories; which states that neighborhoods with decaying social structures are more likely to have higher crime rates (The social costs,). Description of the Social Disorganization Theory Social Disorganization Theory was created by two sociologists, Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay who were connected to the University of Chicago. Due to the social problems afflicting Chicago, Shaw and McKay examined the predominant rates crime and delinquency (Wong). Creators Shaw and McKay theorized that disorganized communities plagued by poverty lacked strong social strength (Wong). In the early 1940s, Shaw and McKay conducted a study using an ecological concept of dominance, in order to explain the high percentage of criminal behavior that afflicted Chicago neighborhoods (Social disorganization theory,). Robert Park and Ernest Burgesss Concentric Zone Model was used in Shaw and McKays work (Wong). They identified five concentric zones illustrating social problems in Chicago. Shaw and McKay used this information to examine the juvenile delinquency rate in detail and to clarify why it was isolated to urban areas (Wong). Shaw and McKay believed that social disorganization was linked to immigrant groups relocating to more desirable neighborhoods Shaw and McKay discovered that high delinquency rates persisted in certain Chicago neighborhoods for long periods of time in spite of changes in the ethnic and cultural composition of these neighborhoods (Social disorganization theory, ). They discovered that neighborhoods ecological played a part in determining crime rates. Their research also revealed that high rates of crime occurred in communities that had a declining populations and property decay (Social disorganization theory,). Discussion of the Social disorganization Theory Social disorganization occurs when neighborhoods members fail to achieve united values or to solve mutual problems (Social disorganization and, ). Shaw and McKay connected social disorganization to poor unstable areas with ethnic diversity(Social disorganization and, ). Shaw and McKays studies connecting delinquency rates to physical characteristics established crucial evidences about the neighborhoods relates to crime and delinquency (Social disorganization and, ). Their work is still used as a guide today as a way of addressing crime in neighborhoods. A recent version of social disorganization theory states that strong social interactions prevent crime and delinquency (Social disorganization and, ). When members of neighborhoods are familiar with each other, the adults are more willing to get involved when children misbehave and watch for outsiders, in other words protect each other and their neighborhood (Social disorganization and, ). According to social disorganization theory, neighborhood characteristics such as poverty and ethnic diversity causes higher crime rates because they inhibit neighborhood members from working together (Social disorganization and, ). Judy Van Wyk, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, at the University of Rhode Island uses the social disorganization theory to reason that intimate violence is connected to disadvantage neighborhoods because residents lack social bonds with their neighbors (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). It is believed that residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods are unwilling to get involved or call the police in domestic disputes because they have weak ties to their neighbors. Women who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to be socially isolated and are at greater risk of domestic violence (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). The National Surveys of Families and Households (NSFH) sample was designed to be representative of the general population of U.S. households and employed a multi-stage area probability sample. Data was gathered by conducting face-to-face interviews with 13,007 randomly selected adult respondents. The study finds that when the racial or socioecono mic configurations of neighborhoods reach certain values, neighborhoods are bound to change character (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). They go from being acceptable places to live for most people to being unattractive for everyone except for those who have no other choice. Change occurs mainly because whites or people of high socioeconomic status move out if they observe that too many blacks or poor persons are moving into the neighborhood (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). This migration decreases property values and generates an opportunity for those who were previously prevented from living in an area by high housing costs. Therefore, these neighborhoods become overrun with racial minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged persons (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). These changes lead to social disorganization which causes an increase in crime rates. Social disorganization can be demonstrated by the presence of people taking drugs on the streets, dealing drug, fighting in public, crime, prostitution, or other criminal and noncriminal activities that created a sense of danger and that is seen by neighborhood as signs of the collapse in social control (Gracia Herrero, 2007). Social disorganization shows the members that their neighborhoods are dangerous places. Therefore, rendering them too scared to take an active role in boosting social order in their neighborhood; this causes them to pull away from communal life. Using data from a national representative sample of 14,994 Spaniards18 years old and older, data was gathered through face-to-face interviews after choosing individuals by quotas of sex and age (Gracia Herrero, 2007). Results revealed that contributors seeing low or moderate neighborhood social disorganization exhibited a positive attitude toward reporting domestic violence against women as compared with contributors seeing high neighborhood social disorganization (Gracia Herrero, 2007). The outcomes support the theory that perceived neighborhood social disorganization is adversely related with residents attitudes toward reporting domestic violence against women, undoubtedly as a result of a weakened sense of trust and joint effectiveness. Conclusion As suggested above, social disorganization theory continues to dominate in clarifying the impact of neighborhood characteristics such as, poverty, ethnic diversity, and residential stability, on crime rates. Regarding the future, social disorganization theory will still be applied to various forms of crime and will continue to be the motivation behind criminologists and social scientists in their exploration of criminal behavior.

Modernism Essay -- Literature Literary Essays

Modernism â€Å"An inclination to subjective distortion to point up the evanescence of the social world of the nineteenth century bourgeoisie.† -Barth, â€Å"Literature of Replenishment† (www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.html) Modernism was rebellion against not only the repressive principles of the Victorian era but also the emergence of the fast-changing, materialistic corporate society. The period preceding modernism held up Victorian virtues, which accepted the worldview of everything being ordered, neat, stable, and meaningful. While fundamentally optimistic, Victorian culture featured hypercritical moralism as it had a very narrow, strict viewpoint. Modernism eschewed such an absolute, clear-cut apprehension of the world. The movement was fueled by the First World War and led by that devastating war’s intellectual casualties, Gertrude Stein’s ‘the Lost Generation’ whose loss of faith in absolutes led them to search for new morals and ideals. Disillusionment, pessimism, and apathy towards society and the popular consensus colored the works of these artists, the literary leaders of whom were T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, and Gertrude Stein. Literary modernism challenged the accepted norms of writing on almost every front. It trod away from traditional narrative structure, clean resolutions, and bourgeois morality that marked the preceding literature. Writers tackled the ordinary notions about writing and communication itself, questioning the ability of language to convey meaning, and experimental writing that broke off from tradition marked the movement’s most famous and exemplary works. Instead... ...ing his lifetime, both of these writers very much catered to the mass-market audience. The fame, wealth, and celebrity were issues with which these men struggled as their hearts belonged to the modernist ideals of the period’s intellectuals while their reputation and success were out of sync with modernism. But ultimately, Hemingway and Fitzgerald occupy important spots in literary modernism as popular culture’s symbols for their generation. Works Cited Knapp, James F., Literary Modernism and the Transformation of Work, (Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL:1989). www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.html Additional Material Willison, Ian, Gould, Warwick, Chernaik, Warren, ed., Modernist Writers and the Marketplace, (MacMillan Press, London:1996). www.ils.unc.edu/%7Ekaisn/pathfind.html www.class.uiadho.edu/eng258_1/modernists/homepageL.htm

Jurassic Park Summary :: essays research papers

Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park Alan Grant and Ellie Sattler were among many people paleontologists that were funded by a wealthy man by the name of John Hammond. The two of them were visited by a man named Morris who was very interested in Hammond. Apparently he had leased an island of the west of Costa Rica. He had some kind of big development going on for the past ten years. He also had been buying large quantities of Amber which seemed useless due to it's low value. And Morris, being from the government, was very suspicious. Shortly after this visit the two dinosaur diggers were called by this man called Hammond. He wanted the two of them to visit him on his island. It was some type of biological preserve that would change the world in science and Hammond needed all the opinions he could get on if it would be safe. He called it, Jurassic Park. Meanwhile there was a young man by the name of Dodgson who worked with a rival company of John Hammond. He knew Hammond was on to something big having to do with dinosaurs. He met up with one of Hammond's employee's named Nedry who was the design of there park's computer system. Dodgson knew that they're company was some how recreating dinosaurs by making embryos. There was just one problem, they're company was ten years behind and would never catch up. Nedry ended up taking the million dollar offer from Dodgson for the embryo's that would change there whole company and update them on ten years of research. When Sattler and Grant arrived at the island they met up with other acquaintances of Hammond. There was the famous mathematician, Ian Malcolm. The big and rather rude man, Dennis Nedry. The intelligent scientist that was behind the whole park, Henry Wu. And the lawyer, Ed Regis. Soon later the rest of the visitors arrived. It was Hammond's grandchildren. And then, it was ready for the tour to begin. The tour consisted of six people. Hammond's grandchildren, Lex and Tim, Malcolm, Dr. Sattler and Dr.Grant, and Ed Regis. On the tour they saw many interesting things. There was real live moving dinosaurs! The walk around tour briefly explained how the scientists did it. First off they had to find amber which was tree sap that hardened a long time ago when the dinosaurs lived. In this amber contained many bugs such as mosquitoes which drank the blood of dinosaurs millions of years ago. This blood was then used to capture the DNA which would recreated an actual embryo that would soon turn into a live growing dinosaur.