Case Study Analysis †Abc, Inc.

As a new worker you have finally landed that dream job, now what? You are excited about the possibilities awaiting you at your new dream job. As you prepare for your first day, you are told you will have to attend new hire orientation. Suddenly, the butterflies in your stomach return as you anticipate what to expect next. Then you ask yourself, â€Å"What is new hire orientation and what does it mean for me? † The goal of any successful onboarding program is to ensure that the investment in a new employee pays off by creating a sense of connection between the new worker and the organization. But what happens when company representatives lack organization and the new worker’s transition is traumatic? Take for example the Case Study for Student Analysis. In this selected paper, it is easy to immediately observe a lack of communication going on at ABC, Inc. between Carl Robbins, the campus recruiter and Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor. Lagging communication skills at any organization can be catastrophic and ABC, Inc. is no different. As a first time recruiter with only six months experience, Carl will face very serious problems. This case study will illustrate the many problems that grew when he attempted to hire employees to work for Monica Carroll. Possible solutions available for Carl to resolve the situation will be explored as well as any alternative solutions he should take. Carl Robbins is not incompetent; he simply lacks experience. As with any new position that a person is involved in; he will face challenges. With some direction, Carl can easily overcome these challenges. Background In early April, Carl was tasked to recruit and hire fifteen new hires to work for Monica Carroll, operations supervisor for ABC, Inc. After successfully recruiting them, Carl scheduled an orientation session to take place on June 15. His goal was to have all new recruits working by July. Traditionally, new hire orientation programs have long been designed to help new hires quickly learn the important things they will need to know to be successful in their new job. Most orientation programs provide the new hire with: †¢an overview of the company’s history; †¢a description of the company’s organizational structure; †¢an overview of employee-related policies; and †¢details of employee benefit programs. ABC, Inc. ’s orientation should be no different. With only a few weeks left until the planned orientation, Carl still has lots of work to do. On May 15, Monica contacts Carl about several key issues such as the training schedule; manuals; policy booklets; drug tests; and other issues related to orientation. Carl reassures Monica that everything will be fine. Subsequently, shortly after Memorial Day, Carl pulled out his new trainee file to finalize things for the orientation scheduled for June 15. After going through his files, Carl becomes concerned. He discovers that some of the new trainees have not completed their applications and some transcripts are missing. He also discovers that none of the new hires have been sent to the clinic for their mandatory drug screens. Next, he searched the orientation manuals and realized that only three copies exist. He then discovers that those three copies are missing several pages. Carl is in big trouble as his first recruitment effort is not going as smoothly as it should. Carl’s problems however are just beginning. Upset and frustrated, he decides to go for a quick walk. As he returned to the office, Carl decides to check out training room for the upcoming orientation. To his surprise, he found Joe from technology services. Joe was setting up computer terminals. Carl decided to review the scheduling log and discovered that Joe had already reserved the training room for other training activities the entire month of June. Panicked, Carl returned to his office; put his head on his desk; and silently wondered, â€Å"What am I going to do? † Key Problems The first key problem that Carl faces is his lack of experience. Initially, Monica contacts Carl about the key items needed for orientation and he assures her that everything is good to go. This could not have been further from the truth. At this point, he is not aware of the problems he ill face in his new endeavor. Carl’s lack of experience is clearly exhibited when his assurance has not been tested. The next key problem that arises for Carl is when he checks the new trainee files and discovers that they are incomplete. All the new recruits have gone through the interview process and filled out their paperwork. Unfortunately, the paperwork is incomplete and missing lots of valuable data. To make matters worse, some files are missing transcripts, and no one has completed the required drug screens. Problems only get worse for Carl when he discovers that only three copies of the employee manuals exist. Of the three manuals that exist, they are all missing several pages. Unfortunately, he needs fifteen complete copies. As if the previous issues alone are not bad enough, Carl also learns that the training room he plans to use for orientation has been booked by another individual for the entire month of June. At this point, he is faced with a serious dilemma, and his lack of experience reveals that he does not realize the severity of his problem. Namely, he lacks leadership because he failed to prepare and assumed that his first project would go smoothly. Next, he reveals his lack of organizational skills because he failed to review his trainee file prior to guaranteeing Monica that everything would be ready for orientation. Alternatives A possible solution for Carl as a new recruiter is to use this onboarding process as a welcome mat for new hires as a means to display his potential talents as a top notch recruiter. To accomplish, this he must determine who will be affected by his failure to develop his first orientation. Next, Carl should analyze how these parties will be affected as a result of his failure to prepare. Then, he should evaluate possible alternatives to the dilemma he is facing. Unfortunately, Carl is not quite in a position to do this. Subsequently, he should have developed his project prior to promising results. Carl could improve his organizational and communicative skills by establishing the parameters for the project. In other words, he should have determined his needs and effectively communicated those needs to any other parties early on. This strategy would have granted him the opportunity to plan for alternative solutions without anxiety. Proposed Solution Many successful new hire or onboarding programs start with a checklist of typical new employee needs. Certainly, Carl could have used a checklist to help him determine his needs as a new recruiter. Since most new employees want to make a good first impression, Carl could have made this transition easier for himself and everyone else by seeking the assistance of a more seasoned professional. Monica Carrolls is also not exempt from her role in this fiasco. She could have ensured a more seamless transition by providing Carl with a detailed orientation program. This would have lifted the burden of him having to figure things out on his own. Not only would a detailed orientation program have comforted Carl’s anxiety; it would have also sent a positive message to the entire organization about their organizational skills. Since Carl had only been on the job for six months, Monica could have required that he produce a detailed checklist for the proposed orientation. In my opinion, Monica’s role for Carl should have been that of coach and mentor to ensure a successful onboarding process. This could have been accomplished by developing a simple framework and tailoring it to meet ABC, Inc. s specific needs. Clearly this was not done and ultimately disaster struck. Recommendations As previously noted, many problems surfaced when new recruiter, Carl Robbins attempted to hire employees to work for Monica Carroll at ABC, Inc. Many factors contributed to the downfall of his first recruitment effort. How could Carl have overcome the pitfal ls that he faced? Anonymous research provided by Workforce Management (2009) outlines and recommends the following guidelines for a successful onboarding program: * Start Before Day One – Clearly Carl should have prepared for the orientation from day one. Socialize – Carl could have been prepared by aligning himself with the accepted practices of the company and his superiors. Therefore, he would have exhibited less anxiety and been better prepared. * Extend Beyond Day One – Once Carl prepared for orientation, he should have extended beyond day one by analyzing any potential issues and preparing possible alternative solutions. * Assign a Mentor – Monica should have assigned herself as Carl mentor in this situation. Since this was Carl’s first recruitment effort, he certainly needed the assistance of a more seasoned professional. Keep in mind; it was necessary for Carl to have implemented these specific solutions. However these guidelines are a good place to start. Any guidelines would have relieved Carl’s anxiety and allowed him to create a successful onboarding process for his fifteen new recruits. Ultimately, all of this could have been avoided had Carl sought the advice of a more seasoned professional and displayed better organizational skills. Simply put, his failure to plan was a direct result of a botched first project. Hopefully, Carl recognizes his mistakes and uses them as a learning tool in his next recruitment endeavor. References Case Study for Student Analysis. Comm 215. University of Phoenix. Ecampus Course Materials. Retrieved from the website at: myresource.phoenix.edu Steps to a successful onboarding process. (2009). Workforce Management, 88(7), 1-S14. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/219780888?accountid=35812

Historic tenets of urban planning Essay

The Third World Cities have seen extra- ordinary growth in their urban expansion since 1950. The world 10 most populous cities are located in the third world countries. The urbanization has changed the way of life for the people living there. On one side these megacities have become economic giant for their countries, on other they have also created problems such as disease, congested traffic, pollution and sacristy of resources with a huge gap among haves and have not. As these cities are unplanned and this urbanization is a sudden experience, it is natural for the Third world countries to be surrounded by these surmounting troubles, unless they choose the way out. Historic tenets of urban planning The evidence of urban planning can be found the ancient cultures such as Roman and Greek cities and in ancient cities in India and Egypt as well. The Indus civilization in Pakistan is recognized as the first civilization to have a completely developed urban planning. In 2600 BC, before the arrival of Harapa and Mojodharo, the small towns grew into bigger towns and eventually became cities with thousands of people living in. These people did not have agricultural society as their cities depicts, showing a homogenous culture, however diapered suddenly from the course of history with their cities still intact. These cities are well planned and follow a consistent design, which clearly shows that they were built according to a conscious plan, and is considered the first developed urban plan. Similarly the Romans used to built their cities according to a proper city plan, with military and civil defense and many European cities still appear to follow that pattern. In their plan, the city has a central plaza or market, which is surrounded by streets and walls with short cuts to cut the time short for pedestrians and often the city, has river or stream in the center to provide water and carry sewage out of the city (Crouch, 2003) During the last two hundred years the Western world urban planning has gone through extensive changes in its planning and design. In the industrial age, the control of the city was held by the wealthy few, while the rest of the population lived in slums and sewage. In the 20th century a movement started to change this urban structure and to provide healthy environment to its people. Thus arose the concept of garden city, which were small in size but were basically model towns with few thousand people. In the early 1920s the concept of modern city emerges, such as Paris but they were destroyed during World Wars (Gaffikin, 1999). It was only after WWII that the new cities started to take shape place, however it was not until 1970s, that cheap block construction created an easy and efficient way of creating new buildings. The main objective of the concept of modern planning is to regulate the building activities and set the limits on building and neighborhoods. According to Hopkins (2001) the postmodern planning is composed of the following essential elements: Aesthetics Planning In postmodern urban plans, the most essential element is taking aesthetics more seriously, which meant to add beauty to homes and building. The important aspect of a city planning is zoning, maximizing and managing the use of land and pace of urban development. Safety The houses in modern urban plans are designed to incorporate well with existing municipal services. The cities extreme zones are planned in a way that such dangers can be defused and houses in such areas are equipped with emergency operation and secure evacuation centers. Transport Planning A good urban plan has well developed transport system which cater to the needs of it commuters. Good transport system avoids traffic congestions and effectively carries commuters into different parts of the city without hassle. And automobiles in a city are well suited it meets its requirement, such as spacious roads and parking lanes, which can handle traffic in rush hours. Effective Sub-urban Planning A successful urban plan brings benefit to larger city area by making the towns and urban environment spacious. Planning and the environment In advanced urban or village planning models, taking care of ecology is inevitable. The modern urban planning includes pastures and gardens to keep natural environment consistent with the city.

Non-Residential Construction Market In Central Europe

Investors, developers and other professionals involved in the industry need a comprehensive source of data, insightful analysis and reliable forecasts to help them navigate the Netscape and locate the prospects that are most beneficial for their unique business needs. Browse Full Report With TCO: http://www. Nonrepresentational. Blob/analyses-details/ non-residential for-2014-2019 Non-residential construction market in Central Europe 2014, Development forecasts for 2014-2019 Is precisely that type of publication.The perfect business intelligence resource for use when launching new business operations, locating projects for participation or effecting a merger or calculation In this market, the report also resents strong and accurate forecasts for the market and each of its noteworthy segments. This document provides in-depth descriptions of current conditions as they exist in the overall Central European non-residential construction market and in the individual markets and segments In seven countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia.It presents data on value, structure and total numbers of building permits issued for the overall markets and for the non- residential construction sectors in each country, along with detailed forecasts for development. To Download Full Report with TCO: http://www. Nonrepresentational. Blob/sample/ sample/206558 Browse the market prospects and upcoming new construction and renovation projects planned for office buildings, professional services spaces, retail areas and industrial and warehouse structures.Read about the leading contractors in each country and study the plans of regional commercial real estate developers to build, renovate and reposes structures to match the needs of new and existing business European region. Explore the market for office space in each of these seven countries and find out which top investors are driving growth, and evaluate the retail sector in terms of pla ns for new, modern structures and renovation of existing spaces to fit the specific requirements of a variety of customers.Review Non-residential construction market in Central Europe 2014, Development forecasts for 2014-2019 for a clear understanding of recent, current and forecast trends and events that promise to alter the shape of growth in this sector of the construction market. Whether preparing to launch a new business, evaluate the prospects for future earnings, estimating the market share of a particular company r effecting a merger or acquisition in any of the segments of markets in these seven Central European countries, this report helps professionals to approach business planning from a confident perspective.To Read Complete Report with TCO: http://www. Nonrepresentational. Biz/analysis/ 206558 Especially valuable to contractors, producers of building materials and equipment and design and project management specialists, the client list for this publication also include s business consultants, financial and investment professionals, academic ND government institutions and trade and industry organizations that promote the non-residential construction industries in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia.

FindLaw website evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FindLaw website evaluation - Essay Example The paper aims to present an evaluation of the website http://www.findlaw.com and to provide a three-page narrative discourse that explains in detail what information is contained in this web site.The presented narrative structure would thoroughly review the content and web links and thereby state one’s personal opinion regarding whether or not this web site offers meaningful information for viewers, including students of criminal law and procedure. Website Evaluation: â€Å"FindLaw† General Description The home page of the website â€Å"FindLaw† presents six general headings such as Learn About the Law; Find a Lawyer; FindLaw Answers; Legal Forms; News; and Blogs. Upon browsing the home page, one finds that under Find a Lawyer, for example, a search browser offers options to seek a lawyer using a name search, or through typing legal issues or locations. It also offers a tick box where seekers can opt to have a lawyer contact him or her. Under Learn About the Law , there are three sub-topics: the Popular Topics, Legal Topics, Super Lawyers, Knowledge Base, and Legal Video. The popular topics range from accidents and injuries; criminal law; DUI; Employee Rights; Family Law; Real Estate; and Small Business. Legal topics are more diverse including bankruptcy and debt; car accidents; dangerous products; immigration; and wills, trust, estate planning, among others. The Super Lawyers section offers finding top rated attorneys; while the Legal Video segment shows The Divorce Basics, Medical Malpractice Cases, and Stages of a Criminal Case. Another prominent section, What’s New at FindLaw, offer three separate subtopics such as FindLaw Answers, Legal News and Legal Commentary. There are also Recent Answers indicated with the respective time within which these answers were posted. Likewise, there is a section entitled Latest FindLaw Consumer Blog Posts of various legal topics across the United States. At the upper right hand side portion is a search option for viewers who are seeking immediate access to topics based on their general description. Right below this portion is the section that states Getting Started at FindLaw, which offers three options: Find Lawyers, Learn about the Law; and Find Answers. There is also the Do It Yourself Legal Documents portion that offers legal forms to be tailored according to the users’ needs. Finally, the portion below the home page reiterates the major topics: Learn More About, Find a Lawyer, Find Answers, Get Legal Forms, For Lawyers, About Us, Local Lawyers, and Find Us On (Facebook, YouTube, Scibd, and Twitter) portions. A copyright statement follows the abovementioned topics. Parallel to this portion, at the right hand bottom side appears the heading: Are you a legal professional? Two subtopics are offered: Online Marketing Solutions and Download our White Papers. The format and structure of the home page is very professional with highlighted colors of orange for major topi cs and prompts; blue highlighted sections; and fonts in black and blue within a predominantly white background. Only the portion below was typecast in gray background with black and gray fonts. Selected pictures and photographs are seen from four major stories: Dad Charged After Car Stolen With Kid Inside; WA Avalanche Shows ‘Sidecountry Skiing’ Risks; Affirmative Action Returns to the Supreme Court; and Couple Gets Married in NC Walmart Where They Met (FindLaw, 2012). Also, there is a photograph of a family of three: a father, mother and a young girl just above the Do It Yourself Legal Documents portion. Personal Opinion It is one’s personal contention that the website offers comprehensive legal information to viewers, including students of criminal law and procedure. Clicking the criminal law link in Learn About the Law, for example, would generate the information that one â€Å"will find definitions for dozens of common crimes, an overview of stages in a typi cal criminal case, tips on your constitutional rights,

Learning Theories and Role of Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learning Theories and Role of Memory - Essay Example The six principal types of learning theories include behaviorism, cognitive theory, social learning theory, social constructivism, multiple intelligence theory and brain based learning. In the paper, the main focus has been on explaining the cognitive and behavioural theories. Along with this, there is comparison and contrast made between the two selected theories. Memory plays a pivotal role in making decisions since an individual is required to make a choice from the available alternatives. Marketers have to understand that memory has a significant role in the decision making process of the consumers. Marketing ploys are the skilled tactics which are used by marketers to raise awareness among the customers and also drive in more purchases of products and services for the company. It is generally a marketing trick which is used for attracting customers. The customers make use of memory to get information and clearly understand the marketing ploys and respond in an intelligent manner by opting for the best products. For explaining the concepts in an effective manner, examples have been used in the paper. Cognitive Learning Theory The basic focus underlying theory of cognitive learning explains the importance of brain as an incredible network for processing of information and interpretation of what people learn. It is the theory of learning that helps in explaining the behavior of people by understanding their thought processes (Leonard, 2002). The underlying assumptions provide that humans are logical and rational beings that make such decisions and choices that are rational according to them. The cognitive theory is categorized as social cognitive theory and cognitive behavioural theory. Cognitive behavioural theory is focused on the negative thoughts and behavior that is connected to a specific object, and these negative thoughts are replaced by rational and positive thoughts. On the other hand, social cognitive theory relates to the ways and methods through which individuals can learn to model the behavior of other people. This theory can be applied in an advertising campaign and peer pressure. The word cognitivism implies an unobservable and unnoticeable change in the mental knowledge of the people. This theory relies on the assumption that individuals are actively involved in the process of learning. The theory’s followers also believe that learning involves the development of mental associations which are not shown in the observable changes in the behavior of the people. Another general assumption of the theory states that knowledge is an organized form which is gained through the process of learning. This process involves relation and connection of new information with the previously accumulated information. Thus, this theory emphasizes how people think, how people understand and how people know. This perspective focuses on the fact that learning is undertaken by the process of transformation of information into knowledge wh ich is already stored in the mind. Learning is said to take place when new knowledge is gained, and there occurs a modification in the existing knowledge that is already present in the human mind. This theory portrays a positive perspective of development and focuses on conscious thinking of individuals. It emphasizes the active construction of an individual that leads to the acquisition of knowledge and learning. Hence, this theory implies that different processes that lead to learning can be explained through the analysis of mental processes. With the help of effective process of the cognitive approach, learning can be easier that leading to the acquisition

Pros and cons of outsourcing IT security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pros and cons of outsourcing IT security - Essay Example In this paper IT related outsourcing shall be dealt with in relation to various pros and cons that it has on a big company. Proponents of this mode of operations have put forth quite a number of the advantages that befall a major company. They have argued that for contemporary management the question should not be on whether to outsource or not but how much to outsource as IT related functions are many and some may pose huge challenge or more security risk than others. The following are some of the major advantages that a major company will face: A large company’s IT department is usually huge and having many projects to run. At times these departments are regarded as contributing to the organisation less than they consume. Huge IT departments are cumbersome to operate and outsourcing will ensure that the company is able to operate in a better way than before as argued by Frank (2009). Outsourcing firms also offer consultancy on how to best handle internal controls and in this case in relation to IT related operations thereby in the end ensuring that the company is in a better position to control its IT functions. Outsourcing in many cases acts as a cost cutting measure and with the current trend for many large companies to go the downsizing way, it has become a popular avenue. Outsourcing leads to a company needing less staff, less space and time says Tho (2005). This in totality brings efficiency in the general operations of the company. A large firm will most likely refer its IT functions to a highly competent vendor thereby ensuring high quality IT services. This high quality is coupled with lower costs as bulk contracts attract better contractual deals. The IT sector is one that is quite volatile and as time passes new technologies emerge. These advancements at times can be quite rapid that the company may not be in a position to adopt it as fast. This may be related to financial constrains or

Business Research for Decision Making DB 4 Essay

Business Research for Decision Making DB 4 - Essay Example For example, it is easy to determine the variables if their differences are visible such as male and female variables but very hard to determine when the variables are not visible such as honesty. According to Golafshani (2003), the main reason why operational definition is an important aspect, in defining things, is because it helps avoid cases of conflicting definitions of variables, terms or objects. Additionally, it gives the researcher control over the variables being researched on. The validity and reliability of an instrument can be said to be the accuracy in determining the variable to measure and the accuracy in measuring them. A reliable instrument gives the accurate measurements while a valid instrument measures the right thing (Golafshani, 2003). For instance, a research that uses instrument that focuses on the right variables will give more effective results as compared to an accurate instrument that does not focus at the right variables. Internal validity exists when the change in dependent variable is only influence by the independent variable and not other superfluous variable. External validity involves the applicability of the results obtained from a small experimented group into the rest of the world (Golafshani, 2003). Internal validity focuses on factors that may affect participants such as maturation, regression, testing, experimental mortality, instrumentation, history, selection, and interaction of threats. On the other hand, external focus on location, interaction and pretesting. Therefore, in order to make a valid decision in business research, all the processes involved should be valid. Golafshani Nahid. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, Vol. 8. 597-607. Retrieved from {pdf} 21st April

Comparison and Contrast - TV Commercial Analysis Essay

Comparison and Contrast - TV Commercial Analysis - Essay Example The ability to attract the opposite sex gives an individual a unique sense of happiness and confidence, which perhaps provide a boost to his success. Hence this concept of beauty has now been extended to men as well especially with metro sexuality in vogue. Despite some ethical arguments, the advertisements of fairness creams and products have been popular amongst the Asians and almost all beauty brands have catered to this segment with the help of fairness lotions and creams. The recent ‘Emami Fair & Handsome’ TV commercial has been taken up as the exhibit to be analyzed in order to depict how good looks can change one’s lifestyle and even career almost overnight. The idea of using such products is no longer a female’s domain. The advertisement depicts girls admiring fair looks in their man of choice rather than vice versa. The paper will therefore bring up a comparison of how the male models and female models are presented in terms of their movements and reactions to the product advertised and using icons like the reputed Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan makes this larger than life truth more convincing. In my opinion, such advertisements have managed to ease out the gender differences in terms of concepts of looks. A young girl was supposed to be fair in order to gain attention of his male partner as portrayed in previous fairness advertisements but this commercial promotes the metro sexual image of a man where the skin color would play a similar role. Irrespective of gender differences, fairness of the skin promises to change one’s a) public image which decides success and b) look that gives confidence, but c) promotes discrimination on grounds of racism The main idea promoted by the 60 seconds television advertisement is the fact that fairness, which has once been, portrayed as a requirement for the female and dark skin a shame is now applicable even for men. However using such products or looking fair does not take away thei r manliness and hence gone is the concept of ‘tall, dark and handsome’. The advertisement here portrays Shahrukh Khan enacting a film scene where he fights with sword and even rescues a woman, portraying chivalry. The woman is struck by the glow of his skin and stares at him. When he enters amidst a big crowd of audience, people especially the girls, cheer for him. They almost rush and gather around him. While walking down the carpet, he notices a dark skinned young boy staring in awe at the actor. All the young girls are flocking to the middle aged icon with glowing fairness instead of the young boy who looks amazed at his popularity. He is a little shy because of his dark skin and hence does not have the confidence to mingle with the others and enjoy like them. His dark skin also seems too dark which makes him stand out from the crowd and nobody seems to notice him apart from the actor. As the boy watches his icon’s popularity and ability to perform like the he ro as well as be the girls’ favorite outside his shoot, he is ashamed of his dark skin and this is identified by the icon who hands over the secret of his success, the ‘Emami Fair & Handsome’ facial cream which changes his fate instantly. The next scene finds the boy with a fair skin and he walks down the carpet like his icon with beautiful female models running towards him and embracing him. Everything seems like a dream come true and at this point it is difficult to recognize any difference between reality and illusion

Karina Cervantez INTERVIEW Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Karina Cervantez INTERVIEW - Article Example She does this by creating jobs in the area to ensure that people get good pays. According to her, life in California is very expensive. Her other responsibility entails serving in various commission such as the recreation commission where she manages the budgets of the open spaces in the community. She also proposes parks and gardens in the community. She also serves in the planning commission where she addressed land use and housing issues. Moreover, she ensures that people in the city can access the internet in order to improve networking especially among small business persons. One of students asked her to describe her regular day. She said that serving in city council is usually a part time job in their city. She said that each day is different since she performs different tasks. She goes for meetings on the second and fourth Tuesdays of every month where she meets with people to talk about the issues facing the council. On other days she attends community events. She is also a teacher in local colleges. She was also asked about the challenges the council faces. She said that the council faces safety issues especially on roads. Among her challenges include financial problems in the council and less political powers. When asked whether she only served documented individuals in the community, she said that all documented and undocumented access the city services. She said the city’s funds come from the taxations all documented and undocumented

Psychology assignment Essay Example for Free

Psychology assignment Essay Conformity involves a change in behaviour or opinion in order to fit in with a group. This may be family or peers (a membership group) or it may be pop and sports stars (a reference group). This group can be either a majority or a minority group. (S-cool Student Site)  Two processes have been identified in causing people to conform (Deutsch and Gerard (1955)), these are normative influence which often comes from peer pressure such as fear of rejection and wanting approval and informational influence which is the fear of looking unintelligent and believing others know better especially with something unfamiliar or difficult. There have been many studies done by psychologists into why people conform two examples of which are Zimbardo et al (1973) and Moscovici et al (1969) which are described as follows:  Zimbardos aim in his Stamford prison experiment was to examine conformity to social roles and expectations in other words to see the effect of making good, normal people into prisoners and prison guards.  The procedure for the experiment was that twenty-four middle class male students who were mentally sound in tests and without any criminal convictions were paid fifteen dollars a day and divided into prisoners or guards by the flip of a coin. The prisoners were arrested at their homes, blindfolded and taken to the psychology Department of Stanford University that had been converted into a realistic prison. From there the prison regime was established, the three guards were given khaki uniforms dark glasses and wooden batons, the prisoners were issued uniforms and put into cells. They were informed that no physical aggression was permitted. The participants were then left to their roles of either prison guard or prisoner. The findings of the study were that the prison guards became more and more verbally and physically aggressive. The prisoners rebelled against the guards after only one day and fire extinguishers were used to control the prisoners. The prisoners became depersonalised and suffered emotional depression, one prisoner had to be released after only one day and two more on the fourth day. The study was abandoned after only six days instead of the planned fourteen. Zimbardo believes that the study demonstrated the powerful effect roles could have on peoples behaviour. The participants were playing the role that they thought was expected of them in particular the stereotyped view of how prison guards behave. In other words they were conforming to an unofficial script. The prison environment played an important part in how the guards behaved as none had shown sadistic tendencies before the study. The study has been criticized because of the lack of informed consent the participants had and the humiliation and distress experienced by the prisoners. Zimbardo was also criticised for acting the role of prison superintendent. In Zimbardos defence he only found out himself late on that he had the backing of the police to do the arrest and there was no time to tell the participants. He also couldnt really tell them what was going to happen without it becoming unrealistic. The study was stopped early and the participants had no lasting effects from the study, after extensive debriefing and follow-ups years later. Infact they revealed they had learned an important lesson in that we can all be overwhelmed by social influences. Zimbardo himself now acknowledges that he shouldnt of acted the role of superintendent but still believes that there should still be an independent monitor in this sort of research so that not only are the participants protected valuable information can also be acquired.

Satisfaction Rates Among Outpatients of Hospital

Satisfaction Rates Among Outpatients of Hospital Assessment of satisfaction among outpatient department (OPD) patients visiting tertiary level government hospital ABSTRACT Background Selection of an appropriate health care and measurement of its quality is very complex and elusive yet the tools of its measurement have been improving. It is easier to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction towards the service than to evaluate the quality of medical services that they receive. (1) Therefore, a research on patient satisfaction can be an important tool to measure of health system performance and improve the quality of services. (2,3). Satisfaction manifests itself in the distribution, access and utilization of health services. Objective: The main objective of this study is to measure the satisfaction of OPD (Outpatient Department) patients in tertiary care public health facility namely Guru Gobind Singh govt. Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a pre-tested pre-structured questionnaire from 322 patients who gave the verbal consent at the end of their O.P.D visit at tertiary health facility, Guru Gobind Singh Government Hospital, Jamnagar for days from to. The items in the questionnaire referred to particulars of the patients such as age, gender, education, occupation, income, family type etc.; perception of patients towards doctor , paramedical staff, basic amenities and quality of care. The responses were expressed in proportions. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using EPI info. Results –Although majority of patients were satisfied with the availability of medicines; availability of information on illness, treatment and prevention; doctor’s patience, compassion and dedication but most of the patients were not satisfied with the behaviour of hospital personnel ;delay in reception of investigation reports ;unhygienic toilets and improper cleanliness of hospital; and lack of availability of drinking water . INTRODUCTION Quality care is the most important dimension of public health and it has emerged as an internationally important aspect in the health care services provision. This quality of care can be measured in terms of structure, process and outcome. Structure refers to the basic infrastructure and facility, process refers to the way the care is delivered and outcome refers to the end result. (4) While measuring health outcome and quality of patient care services, patient’s satisfaction is considered to be important component. Patients’ perceptions about health care systems and his satisfaction seem to have been largely ignored by health care managers in developing countries (12). The outcome of any disease is influenced not only by the appropriate diagnostic and treatment services but also the receipt of satisfactory care from service providers. A satisfied patient is more likely to develop a deeper and longer lasting relationship with their medical provider, leading to improve compliance, continuity of care and ultimately better health outcome. But it is difficult to measure the satisfaction and gauze responsiveness of health systems as not only the clinical but also the non-clinical outcomes of care do influence the patients’ satisfaction ,(5)such as: Quality of clinical services provided, availability of medicine, behavior of doctors and other health staff, cost of services, hospital infrastructure, physical comfort, emotional support, and respect for patient preferences.(6) Mismatch between patient expectation and the service received is related to decreased satisfaction.(7) Therefore, assessing patient perspectives gives them a voice, which can make public health services more responsive to people’s needs and expectations.(8,9) In the recent past, studies on patient satisfaction gained popularity and usefulness as it provides the chance to health care providers and mangers to improve the services in the public health facilities. Patients’ feedback is necessary to identify problems that need to be resolved in improving the health services. Even if they still do not use this information systematically to improve care delivery and services, this type of feedback triggers a real interest that can lead to a change in their culture and in their perception of patients. (10) OPD is the window to any health system and OPD care indicates the quality care of hospital reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ected by patient’s perception in terms of satisfaction to the services they are provided.(11)This study was therefore undertaken at OPDs of tertiary level health facility in Jamnagar to measure patient satisfaction. The main objective of this paper is to know the desired level of services as perceived by the patients about various components of out-door patient department (OPD) services. In this study, the OPD is defined as the hospital’s department where patients received diagnoses and/or treatment but did not stay overnight. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design: Institution based cross-sectional study. Study population: The present study was conducted among the patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Guru Gobind Singh government hospital, Jamnagar. Period of study: The period of survey was days from to. Sampling frame: The sampling frame consisted of the outpatient department (OPD) of Guru Gobind Singh government hospital, Jamnagar. . Sample size: fifty percent of the OPD patients. Sampling technique: random sampling technique. The sampling population was interviewed from the most frequented OPDs (Medicine, General surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paediatrics, Orthopedics, Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Skin, Tuberculosis and Chest diseases) according to probability proportion to size based on the past years OPD attendance. Inclusion criteria: A new or referred patient attending the OPD of the respective health care facility who gave verbal consent, Exclusion criteria: Patients working in the health care facility and patients admitted (indoor patients) and follow-up patients attending the OPD of the respective health care facility, who didn’t gave verbal consent or gave incomplete information, were excluded from the study. Selection of patient: The patients attending the OPD of the respective health care facility were selected for the interview by systematic random sampling. Depending upon the previous attendance of the particular department and the time taken to complete the interview, a random number was chosen and every nth patient was selected for the interview. This process was continued till the required sample size was completed. Tools of data collection: Permission to conduct the study was taken from the superintendents of the concerned health care facility. All the patients were interviewed after they had consulted the doctor. Informed verbal consent was taken from all the participating patients before the start of the interview after telling them about the objective of the study and the approximate time that will be involved in the completion of the interview. The prescribing doctor was largely kept unaware of the procedure, except in unavoidable circumstances, to avoid the bias in their behaviour with the patient. A pre-tested pre-structured questionnaire was used to record information taking the key elements of socio-demographic characteristics and perception of the patients regarding quality of services available at the outpatient health care facility. Analysis Data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using the software Epi Info version 6. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:- Table 1-socio-demographic profile of the patients:- Among all the subjects interviewed during the data collection, 322 were included in the statistical analysis and the remaining were not included, because of incomplete information. A majority (56.21%) of the responders were male. The mean ages of the responders were years .About 40% of the responders were illiterate. About half (56%) belonged to a joint family. Nearly half of the study subjects belonged to the lower socioeconomic status category as per the Kuppuswamy classification. TABLE 2-PATIENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF SERVICES AVAILABLE (n =322) The results regarding each question are shown in Table 2. Most of the respondents were satisfied with the availability of medicines, also they were able to get the medicines easily. Most of the respondents agreed that complete information was provided to them on the illness, treatment, and the methods to avoid illness. Almost half (48%) of the patients were not satisfied with the politeness of the hospital personnel. More than half (61%) of the patients stated that hospital personnel were not helpful. 59 % patients said that the doctor did not give them adequate time while 60% of the patients said that the doctor has given enough time to listen completely to their complains. 57% of the patients were satisfied that the doctor has checked carefully and was readily answering their questions. Almost 50% of the patients were told that the doctor gave them adequate time and didn’t rushed. 42% patients couldn’t easily locate the place of investigation. 55% of the patients didn’t receive their reports in time. 57% of the patients were not satisfied with the cleanliness of the hospital. 69% of the patients were not satisfied with the toilet conditions. 59% of the patients stated that drinking water wasn’t available in the hospital. TABLE – 3: QUALITY OF CARE Overall 66.45% respondents termed the hospital services as satisfactory, 62.11% were satisfied with the treatment given, but 52.48% stated that the services provided were not worth the money spent, and 40.99% replied that they would not like to visit the facility again in future. [Table 3]. DISCUSSION In our current study, patients were satisfied with the ease of availability of the required medicines while in a study done by Sivalenka (13) medicine supply was an area of concern. Most of patients were satisfied with the information provided to them about illness, its treatment and prevention. Patients were not very satisfied with the behaviour of the hospital personnel .lack of monitoring of staff, due to very high patient load, could be the reason for this. It was observed during the study that the ultimate satisfaction of the patient is their rapport with the doctor. A patient forgets the pain he faces to reach the doctor if the doctor sees him with patience and compassion. In our study, most of the patients were satisfied with the behaviour of the doctor, which was similar to the result of study by Kumar et al (14). More than half of the patients were not satisfied due to the delay in reporting time of the investigations thereby increasing their waiting time which is similar to other studies (17-18). Some of the responder cited inability to locate the departments as a constraint. Lack of proper sign boards leads to difficulty in locating the departments. A good number of patients were not satisfied with the cleanliness of the hospital. Also most of them were not satisfied with the condition of the toilets. As compared with private sector, government hospitals lack in general cleanliness and hygienic toilets, thereby leading to severe patient aversion and dissatisfaction, which needs to be improved .similar findings have been observed in some other studies (13-16) As observed in our study, Overall level of satisfaction of patients towards government tertiary care health facility is low, although patients appeared to be satisfied with the doctors, which seems to be a strong reason of their still existing faith in the tertiary care government hospital. Thus we need to improve the rest of the factors so as to keep up to the expectations of the patients ,thereby try to fulfill the basic need of patient- which is readily available ,easily accessible, and satisfactory health services for all. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be made to reduce the patient load at the tertiary level facilities so that doctors and other staff can give more attention and time to the patients. The findings of the present study can be utilized to improve the services at public health facilities of the state resulting in the more satisfaction of patients availing such public health facilities. REFERENCES (1)Study on Patient Satisfaction in the Government Allopathic Health Facilities of Lucknow District, India, Ranjeeta Kumari et al Indian Journal of Community Medicine / Vol 34 / Issue 1 / January 2009 (2) White B. Measuring patient satisfaction: how to do it and why to bother. Family Practice management [serial online] January 1999; [9 screens]. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/ fpm/990100fm/40.html. (3) How satisfied are your patients? Family Practice Management April 1998; [2 screen]. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/ fpm/980400fm/fpstats.html (4) Measuring patient satisfaction: A Cross sectional study to improve quality of care at a tertiary care hospital. – by Andrabi Syed Arshad et.al. Healthline ISSN2229-337X Volume 3 Issue 1 January-June 2012 (5) Agrawal D. Health sector reforms: Relevance in India. Indian J Community Med 2006;31:220-2. (6) Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N, Chandola T. Patients’ experiences and satisfaction with health care: Results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care. Qual Saf Health Care 2002;11:335-9. (7)McKinley RK, Roberts C. Patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care. Qual Health Care 2001;10:23-8. (8)World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2000-Health Systems: Improving Performance. Geneva: WHO, 2000. (9) Rao KD, Peters DH, Bandeen-Roche K. Towards patient-centered health services in India- a scale to measure patient perceptions of quality. Int J Qual Health Care 2006;18:414-21. (10) 6. Boyer L, Francois P, Doutre E, Weil G, Labarere J. Perception and use of the results of patient satisfaction surveys by care providers in a French teaching hospital. Int J Qual Health Care 2006;18:359-64. (11) Assessment of Client’s Perception in Terms of Satisfaction and Service Utilization in the Central Government Health Scheme Dispensary at Kolkata, D Haldar, AP Sarkar, S Bisoi1, P Mondal2Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 33, Issue 2, April 2008 (12) Measuring Patient Satisfaction: A Case Study to Improve Quality of Care at Public Health Facilities. Prahlad Rai Sodani. Indian Journal of Community Medicine / Vol 35 / Issue 1 / January 2010 (13) Sivalenka S. Patient satisfaction surveys in public hospitals in India. Available from: http://www.rand.org. [Last accessed on 2011 Feb 16] (14) Kumari R, Idris MZ, Bhushan V, Khanna A, Agarwal M, Singh SK. Study on patient satisfaction in the government allopathic health facilities of Lucknow district, India. Indian J Comm Med 2009;34:35à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ42 (15) Peerasak L, Surasak B, Pattanawadi U. Patient satisfaction on health service at the family medicine learning centers. Chiang Mai Med Bull 2004;43:67à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ76. (16) Bhattacharya A, Prema Menon P, Vipin Koushal V, Rao KL. Study of patient satisfaction hospital in a tertiary referral hospital. J Acad Hosp Adm 2003;15:29à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ31 (17) Measuring patient satisfaction a case study to improve quality of care at public health facilities / Ind jcom. Med Vol 35 issi 1 jan 2010, 52-56. Prahlad Rai Sudani et.al. (18)Patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care. Quality in health care,2001;10:23-28 R K McKinley, C Roberts.

Looking At John Okadas No No Boy English Literature Essay

Looking At John Okadas No No Boy English Literature Essay Right from the beginning of John Okadas No No Boy there is the juxtaposition of the Japanese-Americans returning from internment camps at the end of World War II and the Japanese-Americans that pledged themselves to the U.S. Military returning from service overseas. Ichiro Yamada, the protagonist, is facing a personal dilemma of national identity. He blames his stubborn Japanese heritage for him getting locked up, and the Americans were the ones that did the locking. His parents speak only Japanese in defiance to American influence. Despite being born and raised in America, Ichiro claims to be a Japanese nationalist and is consequentially imprisoned. His mother claims that the entire family is wholly Japanese, although Ichiro has never been to Japan. This generational conflict thats common in immigrant families is the spur for Ichiros identity crisis throughout the novel. The one exception to the hostility of the generational split lies in Ichiros friendship with Kenji. Kenji is a decorated war hero that was rewarded for his military efforts with material possessions from the federal government. He doesnt condemn Ichiro for his decision. He instead provides Ichiro a valuable glimpse at the extravagant reward of assimilation, but the image is tainted with the gangrenous injury he sustained in the service. Kenjis character is polarized by that of Freddie. He is an old friend of Ichiros and a fellow No No Boy that is determined to run from his problems with society and his family instead of dealing with them rationally like an adult. Okada associates everything maternal in the story with Japanese loyalty. Ichiro blames his Japanese nationalist mother as the reason that he became a No No Boy in the first place. She is a nationalistic elitist in every sense of the word. She refuses to learn English during the thirty years that she lives in Seattle and doesnt even believe the numerous reports that mighty Japan has lost the war to the Americans. To her, assimilation equals death. By contrast, Ichiros example of successful integration, Kenji, has a superb family life without a mother. When Mrs. Yamada finally comes to terms with Japans loss in the war, she drowns herself in the bathtub. The rest of the family is relieved from the alleviated expectations. Ichiro identifies his mother early on as the solitary force preventing him from reproachfully integrating into popular American culture, but her death provides a passing of the torch in Japanese nationalism and he soon finds out that his problems are of his own making . When Ichiro comes back to Seattle, things are not what he expects. Since he was so abruptly rounded up and shipped off to an internment camp, to proveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that they werent American enough to be trusted, he anticipates discrimination among mainstream culture, but he is met with what is developing into the most accepting era in American history (p. 153). The civil rights movement is just around the corner. The hostility that he expects from white Americans doesnt happen. The only bullying he meets is at the hands of other Japanese-Americans. Every powerful white man that Ichiro runs into receives a good impression from him. His old Professor Brown urges him to come back to the university. Mr. Carrick offers him a job on the spot at an engineering office in Portland. Both of them are very sympathetic for what he has endured and disagree with the injustice of the whole affair, yet Ichiro rejects all them. He could assimilate if he wanted to, but he doesnt because he is convinced that since he once rejected the United States that he is forever intolerable to it. He could have been an engineer in Oregon and ascend the social ranks. No longer would he have been a lower-class immigrant, but a shining member of the middle class. Instead, he chooses to maintain his social immobility and cultural isolation. This was a common feeling during this time, as Kenji puts it: They bitched and hollered when the government put them in camps and put real fences around them, but now theyre doing the same damn thing to themselves. (p. 164) Post-war Japanese-Americans are forcing segregation upon themselves. Most Americans, at least in this novel, prove entirely compliant in moving forwards from the past from which they came. They are willing to bring cultural diversity into their schools and workplaces, but the Japanese-Americans seem insistent on continuing their oppression. Early in the novel, Ichiro cites the guilt of his disloyalty to the United States as a reason for not accepting any of these offers. He hasnt fought for the country and doesnt feel like hes earned such lavish opportunities, so he leaves them for truly Americanized people to capitalize on. This reverence exhibited by Ichiro for American culture and those that it approves counteracts his attempts to remain loyal to his Japanese ancestry. He externalizes his need to be devoted to Japan onto his mother, but it doesnt end when she dies. He realizes that her strict codes of Japanese loyalty were not the only thing keeping him from assimilating. Ichiro turns down another promising job offer at the Christian Reclamation Center where the owner had already hired another No No Boy. It is no coincidence that Mrs. Yamadas suicide is juxtaposed with Kenjis death. The chapter in which both events are contained is the turning point in the novel. Mrs. Yamada dies because of her refusal to integrate into American society and Kenji dies from gangrene in an injury he suffered during his attempts to integrate into American society. The two extreme examples of national identity can no longer survive. Kenji tells Ichiro on his death bed that ethnic differences should be transcended to blur the lines of racial distinction, and therefore prove categorization difficult. Ichiro seems to take Kenjis advice to heart when he plans on becoming a true American with a house and a wife and kids, only to put himself on trial moments later for his treasonous intentions. He has also inherited the voice of his mother in his brain in addition to Kenjis a rampant incompatibility. These opposing viewpoints eventually begin to balance each other out, and Ichiro realizes that he is neither J apanese nor American. Ichiro began the novel concerned with improving his public image, and he gradually changes his concern to self-respect. The problem with his initial mindset is that self-esteem is determined by the will of the state. Nations create their own hegemonic value systems in this way to establish cultural standards. The notion of free choice is illusory. It is misery to continually cater to the evaluations of anonymous strangers. To project the lives of others onto oneself is to completely hide ones own personality. Ichiro is ashamed of his disloyalty to America. He acts as if every white American thinks that he is a traitor for not demonstrating himself to the country, but his fixation is evidence that he cares more on the matter than any white character in the story. With the deaths of his mother and Kenji, Ichiro becomes startlingly aware of the importance of his self-respect, since he no longer has his mother to blame his problems on or Kenji to live out his Americanized daydreams. Ichi ro begins to resist integration because, to him, it would mean forfeiting his identity in lieu of conformity. He concerns himself only with his own opinions and thinks independently of the cultural groups which surround him, as Kenji suggested he do. The symbolism of Ichiros altered ideals is apparent when comparing the start and end scenes of the novel. It starts with Ichiro walking out into the downtown Plaza as he contemplates his own path of nationalism, and ends with Ichiro ducking down a dark narrow alley. That path less travelled is precisely the path that Ichiro has chosen to take in his life. He chose not to blaze the beaten paths of American ideals or Japanese elitism that everyone seemed to be treading on, but rather a small hidden passageway tucked in between the two avenues. Throughout the novel, Emi remains an image of normalized American domesticity, and yet another failed opportunity at Americanization for Ichiro. Much like his wasted job offers, Ichiro thinks that he doesnt deserve Emi because her husband is in the military. When she devotes herself to him, they go out dancing and Ichiro fancies the thought of being with a woman that other men want. His fixation on the men that find her attractive rather than the attractive girl herself gives the scene masculine undertones. Emi alone is not enough to sway Ichiro to commit himself to her, but the sheer interest of other men provokes Ichiro think that he has a real catch on his hands. This is a prime example of Ichiro succumbing to the opinions of the general public in America instead of listening to his own self-respect and his own opinions.

American Intervention Essay -- essays research papers

American Intervention: Domestically and Internationally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States and its people take great pride in knowing that the U.S. is the greatest nation in the world. That is why it’s our duty to father the rest of the world when conflicts arise. American culture and ideals are also thought to take precedents over all other cultures and ideals. In the book, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall down, written by Anne Fadiman, there are many great examples of how American culture is imposed on the people residing with in its enclosed boundaries. The U.S. going to war in Vietnam is also a great example of how the U.S. tried to impose American values on the â€Å"less fortunate.† Through understanding America’s so called â€Å"duty† in Vietnam one can interpret the intervention of American idealism in the life of a Hmong family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lia lee, a little Hmong girl, has a severe case of epilepsy. She is the daughter of Nao Kao and Foua lee who are among the many Hmong refugees that fled to the U.S. The Hmongs are very simple and proud people. They take pride in the fact that they have never been ruled by anyone. Even though they have been driven away and separated many times they always seem to find themselves and their culture, never seemingly adapting to the major culture. Even when French missionaries settled in their area and brought their western ideals, medicine, religion, and values they never really accepted them. Fadiman stated in her book that in reality, â€Å"no Hmong is ever fully converted† (35).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hmong believe that the human soul is a prized possession and should always be kept happy. They believe that the soul has a domain where it rests usually where they were born. After a Hmong woman gives birth, the father digs a hole and buries the baby’s placenta. â€Å"If it was a girl, her placenta was buried under her parents’ bed; if it was a boy, his placenta was placed in a place of greater honor, near the base of the house’s central wooden pillar.† (5) Once a Hmong dies, it is believed that they must retrace his or her life path and reunite with his or her placenta, in order to be prepared for the dangerous journey ahead of them before they reach the sky and meet their ancestors. The Hmong’s also believe in animal sacrifice, which is method of keeping â€Å"dabs† (evil spirits that try t... ...sp;  The U.S. trying to â€Å"police the world† was a duty that was given and definitely not ignored. Although some American ideals and values are truly superior to others, they should not be enforced on the world. In the case of the Lee family, ignorance played a big role. Maybe if the doctors at MCMC, or even the citizens of Merced, had known a little more about Hmong customs and rituals then all of the problems that the Lee’s or any of the other Hmongs encountered could have been avoided. Another major problem that caused grief was the language barrier, hence the fact that attending physicians can’t be blamed for their decisions. In the case of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam, the Vietnamese were given the opportunity to rule themselves. Even though Communism isn’t the best way for a country to gain its independence, it was a reason for the Vietnamese to fight. The U.S. had many casualties and a federal budget that was deeply injured. Back home, t hese occurrences seemed like an endless war with no apparent reasons. Even though in both cases the U.S. was trying to look for the welfare of the Lee family and for the Vietnamese, their complete and total assistance was not necessary.

Solutions to Global Warming Essay -- Climate Change, Synthesis Essays

You hear about it from television news broadcasts. You read about it in newspapers and magazines. You talk about it with friends and co-workers. There have even been movies made about it. The â€Å"it† is global warming. â€Å"Global warming refers to the global-average temperature increase that has been observed over the last one hundred years or more† (Spencer). Some experts argue that global warming is a result of human activities, while others believe the warming and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere is a natural cycle. Supporters of human induced global warming stress that since the Industrial Revolution we have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide, a known â€Å"greenhouse gas,† into the atmosphere and increased the Earth’s temperature. On the other hand, some scientists declare that based on ice core samples the Earth has experienced several warming cycles for thousands of years (Barry, 2000). Despite the ongoing debate on wh ether â€Å"global warming† is a natural cycle or caused by human activities, there are things individuals and nations could do to protect and conserve our environment. Before discussing possible solutions to address global warming, I would like to present some background information about global warming. Plants, animals, and humans are able to survive on this planet because of the atmosphere’s natural â€Å"greenhouse† effect. The Earth’s atmosphere is primarily composed of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane, which re-radiates the sun’s infrared radiation back down to the Earth’s surface (Barry, 2000). Consequently, an increase in these â€Å"greenhouse† effect components could result in more heat being trapped and an increase in the atmospheric temperature. Bjorn Lomborg (2007, p. 10) states that with... .... (2007, November 8). How to stop climate change: The easy way. In Z. Sharp (Ed.), Annual editions: Environment 09/10 (pp. 209-211). New York: McGraw Hill. Spencer, R. (n.d.). Global warming: natural or manmade. Retrieved from http://www.drroyspencer.com/global-warming-natural-or-manmade/ Top 50 things to do to stop global warming. (2009, February 5). Retrieved from http://globalwarming-facts.info/50-tips.html United States Census Bureau. (2008, December). World Population: 1950-2050. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopgraph.html United States Department of Agriculture. (2009, August 12). Sustainable development. Retrieved from http://www.usda.gov/oce/sustainable/index.htm Wallace, J. W. (2005, April 26). Nuclear Power 2010 Program. In T. A. Easton (Ed.), Taking sides: Clashing views on environmental issues (p. 220). New York: McGraw Hill.

Costco Ethics Essay

Costco wholesale follows a very strict code of ethics, which are strongly enforced with their compliance program. Costco’s ultimate mission is to provide their members with quality goods and services at the lowest price possible. In order for Costco to achieve their mission, they must abide by their simple code of ethics which consist of, obeying the law, taking care of their members, taking care of their employees, and respecting their suppliers. Upon success of these four codes, they have the ability to reward their shareholders, which is their ultimate goal. In order for Costco to implement their code of ethics, they must follow an austere compliance program. Costco must first appoint or retain a Chief Compliance Officer who directly reports to the Nominating and Governance Committee of Costco’s Board of directors. The Nominating and Governance Committee is made up of several independent directors whom have the responsibility to develop ideas, and give recommendations to the board corporate governance guidelines. In order for the Chief Compliance Officer to understand the whole process, and compliance program itself, he or she must retain their position for at least three years. Within these three years, he or she must report to the Governance Committee at least twice a year in regards to compliances issues, and the relay of information between the financial reporting department and the financial planning department. Also the Chief Compliance Officer must report to the independent accounting firm or law firm at least once a year. The Chief Compliance Officer’s initial duty is to coordinate and oversee the following areas: to improve Costco’s already set compliance program, revising the Code of Ethics to make it easily understood for their employees, spreading the compliance and ethical standards to officers and employees, improving the employee training program, to look for and address unethical behavior, enhancing the â€Å"whistle blower† program for anonymous accusations, to check on senior executives to ensure their participation in the ethics and compliance program, and lastly to ultimately oversee internal investigations involving financial fraud. To guarantee that information is properly shared between the internal departments responsible for Costco’s equity compensation program there is written procedures to be followed. The departments that are mainly responsible for following this procedure are the financial reporting department, and the financial planning department. These departments are mandated to meet for at least three years for quarterly meetings attended with the Chief Compliance Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Controller and the supervisors of both departments.

Psych Educational

Across subject areas and levels, educational research has identified several discrete skills related to an overall ability for critical thinking. These are: †¢ Finding analogies and other kinds of relationships between pieces of information †¢ Determining the relevance and validity of information that could be used for structuring and solving problems †¢ Finding and evaluating solutions or alternative ways of treating problemsEducational research has found several discrete skills related to an overall ability for critical thinking; finding analogies and other kinds of relationships, determining the relevance and validity of information, and finding and evaluating solutions or alternative ways of treating problems (Potts, Bonnie (1994). Strategies for teaching critical thinking. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 4(3). Retrieved February 27, 2013 from http://PAREonline. net/getvn. asp? v=4&n=3 . This paper has been viewed 115,891 times since 11/13/1999. ). Ref erences Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Brewer, E. W. , Campbell, A. C. , Petty, G. C. (2000). Foundations of Workforce Education. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Huitt, W. , & Hummel, J. (1998). The Behavioral System. Retrieved via the World Wide Web, February 15, 2002. Available at: http://www. edpsycinteractive. org/topics/behavior/behovr. html Parkay, F. W. & Hass, G. (2000). Curriculum Planning (7th Ed. ). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Shaffer, D. (2000) Social and Personality Development (4th Ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning. Skinner, B. (1972). Utopia through the control of human behavior.In John Martin Rich, ed. , Readings in the Philosophy of Education. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. What is ABA? http://rsaffran. tripod. com/whatisaba. html Instructional Scenarios Here are some scenarios that portray educational applications of behaviorism: Scenarios for Using Behaviorism Bibliography Additional Resources Citation APA Citation: Standridge, M.. (2002). Behaviorism. In M. Orey (Ed. ), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved , from http://projects. coe. uga. edu/epltt/ Retrieved from â€Å"http://projects. coe. uga. edu/epltt/index. php? title=Behaviorism†

“Marginalization” by Chandrakant Mallya

In a scale, both arms are equally important. If one of them tilts, the result is imbalance. Compare the scale to the society. A perfect society viewed from any angle, is impossibility. Turn the pages of human history—perfection was never there. It is reasonable to assume that it will never be there!   It can not be completely avoided either. Society at any given time has not existed and functioned without marginalization! Some of the definitions of marginalization are: â€Å"To relegate or confine to a lower or outer limit or edge, as of social standing.† â€Å"Marginalization (USA) refers to the overt or covert trends within societies whereby those perceived as lacking desirable traits or deviating from the group norms tend to be excluded by wider society and ostracized as undesirables.† Wing Leung describes A marginal person as â€Å"†¦one who does not belong†¦the marginal man†¦ [dwells] at the margin of two cultures and two societies†¦ [and possesses] a marginal mentality†¦ [with its] unresolved identity crises.† Louis Wirth speaking of minority groups thus: â€Å"A group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.† This means, the more numerically dominant members, or the more prosperous section of the society gives unequal treatment leading to acts of social ostracism, acts of discrimination, leading to marginalization. In â€Å"Sula† Tony Morrison traces the lives of two black heroines. They grow together in a small Ohio town—well, that’s the only common point about them. Otherwise, they are poles apart. Their paths are totally divergent, obviously their thinking as well! Nel Wright chooses the normal life of a black woman marries and settles in the place of her birth. She is part of the tightly-knit black community. Sula Peace rejects this option outright. She escapes to a city, joins a college, and when she returns to her roots, she is a rebel. She decides to teach a lesson to the society that humiliated her in childhood. She mocks at the social norms, and she is a wanton sexual seductress. Her vicarious pleasure is depicted in her triumphant return to her village and she is extremely happy about the victory she scored by crossing the hurdles that she faced in her life due to the color of her skin. These two characters ably depict, with utmost sincerity to their own emotions, their suffering and enjoyment   in the light of various trials and tribulations that was part of their life and living. The Civil War in USA led to the physical liberation. The War for economic liberation began thereafter. In Sula Toni Morrison provides us with the real history lesson with the depiction of the black way of life, a society which still continues to be marginalized both from social and economic standpoints. â€Å"Through their girlhood years they share everything — perceptions, judgments, yearnings, secrets, even crime — until Sula gets out, out of the Bottom, the hilltop neighborhood where beneath the sporting life of the men hanging around the place in head rags and soft felt hares there hides a fierce resentment at failed crops, lost jobs, thieving insurance men, bug-ridden flour . . . at the invisible line that cannot be overstepped.†Ã‚   (Morison, 1973) Fences is the story of four generations of black Americans.   The torch of legacy of morals, attitudes, mores and patterns passes through stories. Troy Maxon is the principle character of the play. Being a black, the part of the marginalized society of America, how and why he had to scale down his dreams to adjust inside his run-down yard. The opening scene   Ã‚  begins with Troy Maxon and his trusted friend Jim Bono engaged in drinking and talking. The anguish of marginalization related victimization is evident, when he makes a formal compliant to his bosses, why only white men are permitted to drive garbage trucks for the waste disposal company. The deep impact of marginalization in Troy Maxon’s psyche is shown as he counsels his teenage son Cory Maxon when he is being actively recruited for a college football scholarship. His father discourages him, and tells him not to ignore other important responsibilities. Troy wants that his son should never haul garbage like him. Cory represents all the possibilities his father never had and the unmet dreams. Yet the father is unwilling to let the son go on the path chosen by him to improve his lot in life.   His apprehension is that the white-dominated sports will not let Cory progress, and break his heart. Troy had spent fifteen years in jail for robbery and murder, but he became an accomplished baseball player in the jail. After the release, when he could not get proper opportunities to display his skill, he is bitter and resentful at the chances lost because of the color of his skin. He wants to protect his son from facing such disappointments and turn cynical. It was due to marginalization that Troy’s life was full of difficulties, oppression coupled with bad luck. As a boy, due the abject poverty, he was denied education, he cannot even read. Marginalization is practiced all over the world, and it embraces humanity. In the Developed World, racial and ethnic minority groups stand out as the most marginalized. Then there are other classes like, the poor, the sick, the disabled, the obese, teenage unwed mothers, the elderly, the homosexuals and lesbians. These groups suffer from one form of marginalization or the other-unemployment, poverty, poor health facilities and lack of education and the like. How can we strive to end it? The question should be rather how we can mend it? The ending to marginalization can only be through mending the ways of the society. First of all, the affluent and the socially well placed members of the majority community should realize the grave injustice rendered to the affected society for centuries. Genuine repentance and willing acceptance to reform can only change the social structure. The change with-out can be achieved only through the change with-in. Society must have a will to change, and that is possible by the combined efforts of the government, social and spiritual organizations. It is high time that marginalization is given a ‘decent’ burial. References: Morrison, Toni, Sula: Excerpted from the book jacket: †¦ â€Å"In clear, dark, resonant language   †¦ .members.tripod.com/~bibliomania/archive3/morrison5.html – 9k –Retrieved on May 21, 2007.                                                                                                

Hammurabi Reaction

Today’s laws are not as harsh as Hammurabi's. They are more civilized. For example, none of today’s laws include amputating other people’s body parts. Hammurabi thought it was necessary to amputate arms, breasts, digits, etc. I believe our laws are better, overall because they do not incorporate corporal punishment. I think Hammurabi’s Code of Law was an excellent deterrent against crime, and very few people would try to break the law. I think this is due to how harsh the laws were.There was zero tolerance. For example, the sixth law says, â€Å"If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. † Also, because of the severity of some punishments (dismemberment, whippings, drowning, etc. ), I do not think people would want to test Hammurabi. I do not think Babylon was a safer society than the society that we currently live in.There should be no need for the extreme laws I learned about if people behaved. I also think that these laws would cause many deaths. I think many members of the Babylon civilization were killed, sometimes unnecessarily. â€Å"If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. † This law would put people to death if they made a false accusation—in my opinion, this is too extreme and living under the Hammurabi laws would be like living under a dictatorship.

Inventory, Management, and Scheduling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inventory, Management, and Scheduling - Essay Example In this system, rather than placing the inventory in the centralized warehouses, it is placed in small stockpiles conventionally referred to as kanban at strategic points along the assemble line. â€Å"Both [lean manufacturing and the Total Quality Management (TQM)] strategies empower workers on the assembly line, in the belief that those closest to production have the greatest knowledge of how the production system should work† (Blacharski, 2011). Example of the lean manufacturing system can be of a car manufacturing company that takes the order for making a certain type and number of tyres for a day, and the producers are required to deliver them within a limited time to a certain loading bay. Companies benefit from the lean manufacturing because the use of kanban serves to cause a considerable reduction in the amount of waste along with bringing a manifold improvement in the overall productivity of the work. Lean manufacturing also ensures that the work is accomplished in accordance with the consumers’ expectations about the quality of the product. In order to achieve this, each part is analyzed for defects immediately after its creation. In case a defect is noticed, functioning of the production line comes to a halt in order to allow the analysts to determine the problem in its very initial stages. Requirements for balancing JIT and lean systems include commitment of all departments of aligning with a unified goal that is acknowledged and approved by the top management so that planning can be done and resources can be arranged in time accordingly. Initial stages of implementation of lean system require a lot of financial commitment. In order to achieve the required level of efficiency in the system, it is imperative that employees are adequately empowered. Production decisions should be allowed to be made at the lowest level in the hierarchy of the organization structure. Employees that are the most affected if a company decides to switch to a

Chinese and Comparative Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinese and Comparative Company Law - Essay Example Nevertheless, some generally accepted knowledge includes that of constitutional document sometimes referred to as charter or agreement which is a certificate characterizing the existence of the entity which the law recognizes and allows acting as natural persons and regulating the structure and control of the entity and its members. It was generally accepted that the specific form of the constitutional documents depends upon the type of entity (Djankov, et al, 2002). On one side of the fence, common law is a system of law whose sources are the decisions in cases by judges. Besides, every system will have a legislature that passes new laws and statutes, nevertheless, these do not modify a collected and codified body of law. Common law comes from England and was passed on to Commonwealth countries, and almost every former colony of the British Empire (except for Malta and Scotland ). Furthermore, it is currently observed in, United Kingdom (excluding Scotland), United States (excluding Louisiana) Canada (excluding Quebec), Ireland, Australia, India, South Africa, and Hong Kong and in some other countries. In addition to these countries, several others have adapted the common law system into a mixed system. For instance, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria function largely on a common law system, however, incorporate religious law (Coffee, 2001). Likewise, company refer to a separate legal entity, as in English law, or may simply refer to a business, as i s the common use in the United States. In addition, a company may or may not be a separate legal entity. Any business or commercial economic activity may be referred to as a company; examples of this include "my company", "our company", "the company", and "their company". A corporation may accurately be called a company; nonetheless, a company should not necessarily be called a corporation, which has discrete characteristics. According to Black's Law Dictionary, in the U.S. a company could be a corporation, less commonly, an association, partnership or union, carrying industrial enterprise. Contract is a legally required trade of promises or an accord between parties that the law will implement. Contract law is based on the Latin phrase "pacta sunt servanda" literally, promises must be held in reserve. Breach of a contract is acknowledged by the law and remedies can be provided as many people make contracts everyday. Most of the times, written contracts are mandatory such as when buying a house. On the other hand, the enormous majority of contracts can be and are made orally, like the process where a vendor guarantees the material bought by a customer. Contract law is classified as part of a general law of obligations under civil law systems (La Porta et al, 1998). Therefore, it may be acceptable in China that constitutional documents in common law country may be seen as a contract between the company and the directors, but not in exact acceptable practices. This is so because one of the more prevalent reasons enterprises has second thoughts about doing business in China had been legal in context as there are no established laws that actually guard and protect the interests of investors (Ahlstrom, Nair, Young, 2003). While some countries adopt common law legal systems, judges have the authority and

An e-Business analysis of BarnesandNoble.com Research Paper

An e-Business analysis of BarnesandNoble.com - Research Paper Example Barnes & Noble history can be traced to its acquisition in the early 1960s by Leonard Riggio; this is the period when he began his bookselling profession while in New York University. By 1970, the company was succeeding and it included 6 other college bookstores; it acquired trade name Barnes & Noble and the flagship bookstore in Manhattan. Between 1970s and 1980s the company made several significant moves. In 1974, it became the first bookseller in U.S. to put an advert in television; the â€Å"Of Course! Of Course!† advert. In 1975, Barnes & Noble made a bold move and became the first bookseller by offering discount books in the United States; it offered New York Times bestsellers at a discount of 40 percent off the publishers’ list prices (Barnes & Noble, Inc., 2011). The company has been offering book services for close to 25 years, it began with the mail order catalogue in 1970. The company tested selling the books online in the late 1980s through Trintex, an early generation venue. Trintex was a joint venture between IBM & Sears. The company sold its books on the CompuServe in the mid-1990s and later it opened a full-fledged a book superstore on the America Online in 1997. Barnes & Noble.com website (www.barnesandnoble.com) was launched in May 1997. Presently, the company’s website is the largest store and it enables the customers to order a book regardless of the time and place. The consumers have access to millions of out-of-print and used book titles, music DVDs and CDs through Barnes & Noble.com (Barnes & Noble, Inc., 2011). The company’s publishing has been expanded through the purchases of SparkNotes.com and Sterling Publishing in 2001 and 2003 respectively. In 2009, the company acquired Fictionwise, a company leading in eBook in the marketplace. The company has its headquarters in New Jersey; it was founded in 2000 by Scott and Steve Pendergrast. In July 2009, Barnes and Noble introduced the world’s

Judiasm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Judiasm - Essay Example One needs to include the thinking of a modern national identity that has a link with a specific land and culture and lastly, the description of Judaism must include the diverse sense of ethnicity allowing for secular Jews. Judaism cannot be generalized to refer solely or primarily to a religious faith as not all Jews believe in one God. There are some Jews who do not take part in the synagogue or home rituals. It is not, therefore, enough to say Judaism is merely faith among the many world religions. It should be clear to people that Jew and Judaism are relatively modern terms that need not be applied to the scriptural description of Judeans, Hebrews, and Israelites. This is to mean, the Judaism and Jews of this modern time have nothing to do with the scriptural description of the Hebrews, or the Christian scripture or the later church tradition. Not all Israelis are Jews, at the same time, it is important to understand that not all the Jews have a connection with the State of Israel. The scriptural Israelites should also not be confused with the todays Israelis. At the same time, the Jews should not be confused with the Hebrews or the scriptural Hebrews in either the Old or New Testaments. In each instance above, the term Jew has a different meaning. Judaism celebrates having both rich weekly and annual calendar. In their calendar, the Sabbath becomes their holiest day. The Sabbath here begins from Friday night to Saturday night. Both the creation of the universe and the Egypt exodus are related to the Sabbath, hence because its holiness. The period 1000-1650 C.E is referred to as the medieval period by the Jews where their relation with the major cultures and religions of both Islam and Christianity, took place. During this period, there was a tormented relationship between Judaism and Christianity. The period is also marked with the expelling of the Jews from the major

The Brain All You AreIs Here Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Brain All You AreIs Here - Essay Example Through the use of fMRI, which is a non-invasive scan as compared to the X-ray, brain tumors are detected. It can also detect brain activities such as blood flow which is helpful recognizing brain activity according to the article. The article also suggests that the prefrontal cortex contains the sense of â€Å"self† in the young child. But as people mature, this â€Å"self† maybe located in different regions of the brain especially when higher order thinking skills are involved. Synapses also play a crucial role in brain development since they are points of contact during the exchanges of neurons firing to one another. These synapses grow or develop inside the brain of a fetus. Long-term memories are believed to be stored in the hippocampus ( part of limbic system) which is not yet fully developed on a child. Likewise, the amygdala can also hold â€Å"highly emotional memories† ( The Mind,p.12). Interestingly a research made by the NIMH in Maryland reveals that is during puberty period that the brain experiences another round of growth. The basic functions as well as sensory processing usually develops first in the extreme back and front portions of the brain. Next to develop in the parietal lobes of the brain are language functions and spatial orientation. This is also the reason why curriculum in the educational system is attuned to the level of development of the brain. Students in lower levels cannot process higher thinking activities unless their brain is developed. Last to develop is the prefrontal cortex where most decision making are processed. This meant weighing alternatives , making short term plans or even checking one’s self on e thical conduct is involved. Indeed, such complex mental functions can only be given to mature individuals. This just attests to the fact that people’s brain gradually develop and mature through adulthood. Aside from experiencing development, certain

Construction of Gender in Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction of Gender in Social Media - Essay Example This essay stresses that extensive research has been conducted in the past to demonstrate the correlation between gender and media. Some have included studies on different types of media like movies, cartoons, music, and games. There are various methods used in studying the kind of language used by different genders on the social media that include; content analysis and discourse analysis. This paper declares that Herring attempts to bring ideas on computer-mediated discourse as a way to show that the study of the language used in social media is of great concern. Being that most social media sites are modern, Herring acknowledges that human-human communication via computer networks is a recent thing. In her ideas, she focuses on computer-mediated language and argues that is less correct, coherent and complex. Also, she states that the language that is used on social media differs according to the cultural and social context. A careful study of this computer-mediated discourse shows that language use can reveal the identity of the user whether he is educated or not, while he is trying to mask himself. Moreover, on media, especially social media the age of user can be revealed by the content of the message that the user post. Herring assumes that the identity of the gender in social media can be expected easily by the stereotypical behaviors that are attached to each ge nder. In addition to the above studies, statistics of how men and women have been using Twitter and Instagram also holds.

Urban services (waste collection and cleaning) and waste treatment Thesis

Urban services (waste collection and cleaning) and waste treatment activities Globally (focus in Europe) - Thesis Example ries do not differ much as to their wastes disposal priorities, but Europe is more advanced in treatment because of experimentation and implementation of technologies. Landfills would remain a problem because of scarce resources and need for area developments. Outlook and trends of the waste industry is good as revenues of the players in the industry are encouraging. Waste disposal is one of the urgent environmental problems facing regions all over the world. The over consumption of resources and creation of non-biodegradable materials such as plastics, Styrofoam and chemicals are creating a mounting problem of waste disposal. People are gaining the notoriety of producing excessive wastes and dumping them as garbage on landfills and oceans. Garbage such as nuclear wastes, plastics, fast food wastes and electronic products are samples of harmful materials that can affect the health of man in particular and of the environment in general. However these wastes became a business opportunity and opened up avenues for new industries, i.e. the urban services and waste treatment, an interesting topic for discussion. This study intends to investigate the urban services and waste management activities in Europe., and in U.S. Specifically, study seeks to describe the practices done within the industry and identify the challenges and opportunities the industry face. This work would be of special concern to those who wanted to gain information on the economic opportunities of the waste disposal. This research will use observational research method wherein the researcher will study a phenomenon without interfering. Observation method is used in behavioral studies, social sciences and anthropology, and is useful when ethics is a problem. Existing literatures and researches on the subject will be used as secondary source since access to primary source is not possible. Web definition of waste management is â€Å"The  collection,  transportation, and  

Art And Social Protest During The Vietnam War Research Paper

Art And Social Protest During The Vietnam War - Research Paper Example Many participants of these artworks have different ways to demonstrate and pass their message to the targeted people and empower them on different aspects. During war times, people use artwork to demonstrate the suffering of other people which they undergo and this helps in easing of the situation or more help coming to the people in need. Most paintings may reference a certain War event but it serves for any War and artist aim for generic use and information when making these artworks. Pablo Picasso’s artwork, named after a city in Spain that was a target of terror bomb during the Civil War in Spain. This painting demonstrated the kind of suffering it puts individuals and at most, the innocent people the fame of this art reminds of war tragedies with the symbolization of anti-war and peace. The spread of the artwork throughout the world brought the Spanish War to the attention of the whole world. Picasso never wanted the painting to reach Spain until democracy and liberty for med, this saw the painting put under a high security with a bomb and bulletproof screens for security purposes. This shows the importance of the painting in the fight against the war. The meanings of Picasso’s painting vary according to the interpretation provided. Throughout Picasso’s career, he used the bull and a horse to symbolize different roles since the two are important characters in the Spanish culture. Many victims are visible with some alive and others dead which remains as a historical reminder of the times of war.  ... This shows the importance of the painting in the fight against war (Matthew 49). The meanings of Picasso’s painting vary according to the interpretation provided. Throughout Picasso’s career, he used the bull and a horse to symbolize different roles since the two are important characters in the Spanish culture. In the sculpture, many victims are visible with some alive and others dead which remains as a historical reminder of the times of war. Chaos by the European political unpredictability is visible in the composition of the Picasso’s painting. The color in the Guernica is black which mostly symbolizes death. Other artists during the time of Picasso who influenced the artwork of anti-war, or the like of Franisco de Goya not only did the artwork on war but also in a bullfight. The whole scene takes place within a room with one open end and a bull over a woman mourning for a dead child and some other hidden images. A light bulb to represent the sun and a broken sword to represent defeat are visible in the painting by Picasso known as Guernica (Shabi 12). Schneemann held a performance â€Å"snows† to protest the famous Vietnam War with a focus in values on flesh and this brought new fraught in politics. Schneemann participated in the New York City festival during the week of Angry Arts, which involved many performances and events from many artists in protest of the famous war. Her presentation shows the ambivalence of emotionally charged photos, which suggests uncertainty in the information overlaid and passing strategy. She also uses a film that she demonstrates the misuse of people in wars and the results of war. These artworks show that Schneemann was among the protestors